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Results showed the presence of high concentrations of antibiotics that ranged from 0.1 to 646 ng mL\u22121, which can induce many negative impacts on health and the environment. For this reason, we have opted to evaluate toxicity of wastewater samples using a battery of biotests. In fact, genotoxicity was assessed using three tests: Vitotox, comet and micronucleus assays. The input and output of wastewater treatment plants induced a strongly genotoxic effect on the Salmonella typhimurium TA104 prokaryotic Vitotox assay. This result was confirmed using the comet and the micronucleus assays performed on the human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The genotoxic power of the tested wastewater treatment plants' samples could be attributed to the presence of the higher quantities of antibiotics that are detected in these samples and to the antibiotic and organic compound cocktails.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2017.465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,25]],"date-time":"2017-08-25T00:25:27Z","timestamp":1503620727000},"page":"3000-3021","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Identification and risk assessment of human and veterinary antibiotics in the wastewater treatment plants and the adjacent sea in Tunisia"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Leyla","family":"Tahrani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to the Environment-APAE UR17ES32 Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Monastir, Mahdia 5100, Tunisia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Chemical Residues and Contaminants, Direction of Food Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels 1050, Belgium"},{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels 1050, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joris","family":"Van Loco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Chemical Residues and Contaminants, Direction of Food Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels 1050, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roel","family":"Anthonissen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels 1050, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Verschaeve","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels 1050, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hedi","family":"Ben Mansour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to the Environment-APAE UR17ES32 Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Monastir, Mahdia 5100, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Reyns","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Chemical Residues and Contaminants, Direction of Food Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels 1050, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020032810544978200_WST-EM17562R1C1","first-page":"1993","article-title":"Prevalence of co-resistance to disinfectants and clinically relevant antibiotics in bacterial isolates from three hospital laboratory wastewaters in southwestern Nigeria","volume":"25","year":"2008","journal-title":"World J. 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