{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T02:01:34Z","timestamp":1762999294687},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Greywater is an important non-conventional water resource which can be treated and recycled in buildings. A decentralized greywater recycling system for 223 inhabitants started operating in 2006 in Berlin, Germany. High load greywater undergoes advanced treatment in a multistage moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) followed by sand filtration and UV disinfection. The treated water is used safely as service water for toilet flushing. Monitoring of the organic matter degradation was pursued to describe the degradation processes in each stage and optimize the system. Results showed that organic matter reduction was achieved for the most part in the first three reactors, whereas the highest reduction rate was observed in the third reactor in terms of COD (chemical oxygen demand), dissolved organic carbon and BOD7 (biological oxygen demand). The results also showed that the average loading rate entering the system was 3.7 kg COD\/d, while the removal rate was 3.4 kg COD\/d in a total bioreactor volume of 11.7 m\u00b3. In terms of BOD, the loading rate was 2.8 kg BOD\/d and it was almost totally removed. This system requires little space (0.15 m\u00b2\/person) and maintenance work of less than one hour per month and it shows operational stability under peak loads.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2017.499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,19]],"date-time":"2017-09-19T00:25:25Z","timestamp":1505780725000},"page":"3328-3339","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Organic matter degradation in a greywater recycling system using a multistage moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR)"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Assia","family":"Saidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Geo-Sciences Applied to Development Engineering (G.A.I.A), University Hassan II, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Km 8 route d'ElJadida. BP 5366 Maarif, Casablanca, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khaoula","family":"Masmoudi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Waste Water Treatment, Center of Water Research and Technologies, technoparck Borj Cedria BP 273, 8020 Soliman, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erwin","family":"Nolde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nolde & Partner Innovative Wasserkonzepte, Marienburger Stra\u00dfe 31A, 10405 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Btissam","family":"El Amrani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Geo-Sciences Applied to Development Engineering (G.A.I.A), University Hassan II, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Km 8 route d'ElJadida. BP 5366 Maarif, Casablanca, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fouad","family":"Amraoui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Geo-Sciences Applied to Development Engineering (G.A.I.A), University Hassan II, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Km 8 route d'ElJadida. BP 5366 Maarif, Casablanca, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2020032810383951900_WST-EM17188R2C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1089\/ees.2007.0071","article-title":"Influence of high organic loading rates on COD removal and sludge production in moving bed biofilm reactor","volume":"25","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environmental Engineering Science"},{"key":"2020032810383951900_WST-EM17188R2C2","volume-title":"Block 6: Integrated Water Concept \u2013 Ecological Integrated Concept","author":"Berlin Senate Department for Urban Development","year":"2008"},{"key":"2020032810383951900_WST-EM17188R2C3","author":"BWB (Berliner Wasserbetriebe)","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020032810383951900_WST-EM17188R2C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2010.12.077","article-title":"Comparison of polyurethane foam and biodegradable polymer as carriers in moving bed biofilm reactor for treating wastewater with a low C\/N ratio","volume":"83","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2020032810383951900_WST-EM17188R2C5","author":"DWA","year":"2008"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020032810383951900_WST-EM17188R2C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S1462-0758(01)00064-4","article-title":"Characteristics of grey wastewater","volume":"4","year":"2002","journal-title":"Urban Water"},{"key":"2020032810383951900_WST-EM17188R2C7","author":"EU Directive for Bathing Water","year":"2006"},{"key":"2020032810383951900_WST-EM17188R2C8","author":"fbr Regulatory Guide H 201","year":"2005"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020032810383951900_WST-EM17188R2C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2009.05.005","article-title":"Modelling respirometric tests for the assessment of kinetic and stoichiometric parameters on MBBR biofilm for municipal wastewater treatment","volume":"25","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environmental Modelling & Software"},{"issue":"10","key":"2020032810383951900_WST-EM17188R2C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2005.0366","article-title":"On-site greywater treatment and reuse in multi-storey buildings","volume":"51","year":"2005","journal-title":"Water Science and Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020032810383951900_WST-EM17188R2C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2009.07.056","article-title":"Grey water treatment in a series anaerobic\u2013aerobic system for irrigation","volume":"101","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioresource Technology"},{"key":"2020032810383951900_WST-EM17188R2C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2014.05.026","article-title":"Influence of carrier filling ratio on the performance of moving bed biofilm reactor in treating coking wastewater","volume":"166","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioresource Technology"},{"key":"2020032810383951900_WST-EM17188R2C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2013.06.049","article-title":"Single household greywater treatment with a moving bed biofilm membrane reactor (MBBMR)","volume":"446","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Membrane Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020032810383951900_WST-EM17188R2C14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2004.0113","article-title":"Grey water characterisation and its impact on the selection and operation of technologies for urban reuse","volume":"50","year":"2004","journal-title":"Water Science and Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020032810383951900_WST-EM17188R2C15","first-page":"19","article-title":"Biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal from wastewater using moving bed biofilm process","volume":"7","year":"2009","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Biotechnology"},{"key":"2020032810383951900_WST-EM17188R2C16","volume-title":"Source Separation and Decentralization for Wastewater Management","year":"2013"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020032810383951900_WST-EM17188R2C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2007.572","article-title":"Characterisation and biological treatment of greywater","volume":"56","year":"2007","journal-title":"Water Science and Technology"},{"issue":"23","key":"2020032810383951900_WST-EM17188R2C18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2010.07.047","article-title":"Bioflocculation of grey water for improved energy recovery within decentralized sanitation concepts","volume":"101","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioresource Technology"},{"key":"2020032810383951900_WST-EM17188R2C19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bej.2013.04.023","article-title":"Comparative kinetic study between moving bed biofilm reactor-membrane bioreactor and membrane bioreactor systems and their influence on organic matter and nutrients removal","volume":"77","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochemical Engineering Journal"},{"key":"2020032810383951900_WST-EM17188R2C20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2014.07.136","article-title":"Kinetic modelling and microbiological study of two-step nitrification in a membrane bioreactor and hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor\u2013membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment","volume":"259","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemical Engineering Journal"},{"issue":"6\u20137","key":"2020032810383951900_WST-EM17188R2C21","first-page":"421","article-title":"Effect of organic loading rate on a wastewater treatment process combining moving bed biofilm and membrane reactors","volume":"51","year":"2005","journal-title":"Water Science and Technology"},{"key":"2020032810383951900_WST-EM17188R2C22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2005.0368","article-title":"Greywater recycling systems in Germany \u2013 results, experiences and guidelines","volume":"51","year":"2005","journal-title":"Water Science and Technology"},{"key":"2020032810383951900_WST-EM17188R2C23","first-page":"250","article-title":"The moving bed biofilm reactor","author":"Igarashi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Water Environmental Engineering and Reuse of Water"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"2020032810383951900_WST-EM17188R2C24","first-page":"383","article-title":"The influence of carrier size and shape in the moving bed biofilm process","volume":"41","year":"2000","journal-title":"Water Science and Technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020032810383951900_WST-EM17188R2C25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bej.2006.07.009","article-title":"Modelling and dynamic simulation of a moving bed bioreactor for the treatment of municipal wastewater","volume":"32","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochemical Engineering Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020032810383951900_WST-EM17188R2C26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaeng.2005.04.002","article-title":"Design and operations of the Kaldnes moving bed biofilm reactors","volume":"34","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aquacultural Engineering"},{"key":"2020032810383951900_WST-EM17188R2C27","first-page":"5","article-title":"Characterisation of greywater\u2013estimation of design values","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020032810383951900_WST-EM17188R2C28","first-page":"56","article-title":"The effect of bilge water on a biofilm\u2013MBR process in an integrated shipboard wastewater treatment system","volume":"236","year":"2009","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"issue":"12","key":"2020032810383951900_WST-EM17188R2C29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1080\/09593339309385397","article-title":"UV spectral deconvolution: a valuable tool for waste water quality determination","volume":"14","year":"1993","journal-title":"Environmental Technology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020032810383951900_WST-EM17188R2C30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2005.10.015","article-title":"Nutrients removal from municipal wastewater by chemical precipitation in a moving bed biofilm reactor","volume":"41","year":"2006","journal-title":"Process Biochemistry"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"2020032810383951900_WST-EM17188R2C31","first-page":"449","article-title":"Wastewater fingerprinting by UV-visible and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy","volume":"53","year":"2006","journal-title":"Water Science and Technology"}],"container-title":["Water Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article-pdf\/76\/12\/3328\/242249\/wst076123328.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article-pdf\/76\/12\/3328\/242249\/wst076123328.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,28]],"date-time":"2020-03-28T14:39:03Z","timestamp":1585406343000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article\/76\/12\/3328\/38424\/Organic-matter-degradation-in-a-greywater"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,18]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wst.2017.499","relation":{},"ISSN":["0273-1223","1996-9732"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0273-1223","type":"print"},{"value":"1996-9732","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,18]]}}}