{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T14:00:18Z","timestamp":1779890418044,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This study reports adsorptive removal of Cr(VI) by magnetic manganese ferrite and manganese oxide nano-particles (MnF-MO-NPs) composite from aqueous media. The X-ray diffraction pattern of MnF-MO-NPs revealed a polycrystalline nature with nanoscale crystallite size. The prepared adsorbent with high Brunauer\u2013Emmett\u2013Teller specific surface area of 100.62 m2\/g and saturation magnetization of 30.12 emu\/g exhibited maximum Cr(VI) removal at solution pH 2.0 and was easily separated from water under an external magnetic field. Adsorption capacity as much as 91.24 mg\/g is reported and electrostatic interaction between positively charged adsorbent surface and anionic metal ion species is the main driving force in this adsorption. Adsorption experimental data followed Langmuir isotherm and second order kinetics. Partial involvement of intra-particle diffusion was also observed due to the mesoporous nature of MnF-MO-NPs. The thermodynamic studies revealed that the process was favorable, spontaneous and exothermic in nature. An artificial neural network model was developed for accurate prediction of Cr(VI) ions removal with minimum mean squared error (MSE) of 15.4 \u00d7 10\u22124 and maximum R2 of 0.98. Owing to large surface to volume ratio, advantage of easy magnetic separation, and high adsorption capacity towards Cr(VI), the reported MnF-MO-NPs appear to be a potential candidate in Cr(VI) contaminated wastewater remediation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2017.501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,26]],"date-time":"2017-09-26T00:11:12Z","timestamp":1506384672000},"page":"3368-3378","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Synthesis of MnFe2O4 and Mn3O4 magnetic nano-composites with enhanced properties for adsorption of Cr(VI): artificial neural network modeling"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Kartick Lal","family":"Bhowmik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Jirania, West Tripura 799046, India"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Bir Bikram Memorial College, Agartala, West Tripura 799004, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Animesh","family":"Debnath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Jirania, West Tripura 799046, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranendu Kumar","family":"Nath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, West Tripura 799022, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biswajit","family":"Saha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Jirania, West Tripura 799046, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020032812432818100_WST-EM17614R1C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2016.281","article-title":"Aminopyridine modified Spirulina platensis biomass for chromium (VI) adsorption in aqueous solution","volume":"74","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Science and Technology"},{"key":"2020032812432818100_WST-EM17614R1C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2016.04.009","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of mixed phase manganese ferrite and hausmannite magnetic nanoparticle as potential adsorbent for methyl orange from aqueous media: artificial neural network modeling","volume":"219","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular Liquids"},{"key":"2020032812432818100_WST-EM17614R1C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2014.11.096","article-title":"Solvothermal synthesis of MnFe2O4-graphene composite\u2013investigation of its adsorption and antimicrobial properties","volume":"327","year":"2015","journal-title":"Applied Surface Science"},{"key":"2020032812432818100_WST-EM17614R1C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1080\/01932691.2016.1141100","article-title":"Enhanced adsorption of hexavalent chromium onto magnetic calcium ferrite nano-particles: kinetic, isotherm, and neural network modeling","volume":"37","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology"},{"key":"2020032812432818100_WST-EM17614R1C5","first-page":"13549","article-title":"Methyl orange adsorption onto simple chemical route synthesized crystalline \u03b1-Fe2O3 nano-particles: kinetic, equilibrium isotherm, and neural network modeling","volume":"59","year":"2016","journal-title":"Desalination and Water Treatment"},{"key":"2020032812432818100_WST-EM17614R1C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2015.547","article-title":"Adsorption of hexavalent chromium by crosslinked chitosan\u2013iron(III) in an air-lift reactor","volume":"73","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Science and Technology"},{"key":"2020032812432818100_WST-EM17614R1C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-011-1032-1","article-title":"Kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic analysis on adsorption of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solutions by synthesis and characterization of magnetic-poly(divinylbenzene-vinylimidazole) microbeads","volume":"223","year":"2012","journal-title":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution"},{"key":"2020032812432818100_WST-EM17614R1C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2016.172","article-title":"Application of Fe-Cu binary oxide nano-particles for the removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution","volume":"74","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Science and Technology"},{"key":"2020032812432818100_WST-EM17614R1C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2014.09.012","article-title":"Heavy metals [chromium (VI) and lead (II)] removal from water using mesoporous magnetite (Fe3O4) nanospheres","volume":"442","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science"},{"key":"2020032812432818100_WST-EM17614R1C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6008","DOI":"10.1039\/C4NJ00782D","article-title":"Adsorption property of Cr(VI) on magnetic mesoporous titanium dioxide\u2013graphene oxide core\u2013shell microspheres","volume":"38","year":"2014","journal-title":"New Journal of Chemistry"},{"key":"2020032812432818100_WST-EM17614R1C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18213","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA16866F","article-title":"A facile route for the synthesis of mesoporous melamine-formaldehyde resins for hexavalent chromium removal","volume":"5","year":"2015","journal-title":"RSC Advances"},{"key":"2020032812432818100_WST-EM17614R1C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpcs.2015.01.001","article-title":"A novel ammonia-assisted method for the direct synthesis of Mn3O4 nano-particles at room temperature and their catalytic activity during the rapid degradation of azo dyes","volume":"80","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids"},{"key":"2020032812432818100_WST-EM17614R1C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2017.120","article-title":"Application of scallop shell-Fe3O4 nano-particles for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions","volume":"75","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Science and Technology"},{"key":"2020032812432818100_WST-EM17614R1C14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2011.01.016","article-title":"Removal of toxic chromium from aqueous solution, wastewater and saline water by marine red alga Pterocladia capillacea and its activated carbon","volume":"8","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arabian Journal of Chemistry"},{"key":"2020032812432818100_WST-EM17614R1C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2014.08.046","article-title":"Anhydride functionalised calcium ferrite nano-particles: a new selective magnetic material for enrichment of lead ions from water and food samples","volume":"170","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Chemistry"},{"key":"2020032812432818100_WST-EM17614R1C16","first-page":"334","article-title":"Magnetic magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticle synthesis and applications for lead (Pb2+) and chromium (Cr6+) removal from water","volume":"468","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science"},{"key":"2020032812432818100_WST-EM17614R1C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2014.06.003","article-title":"Biocompatible mesoporous silica\u2013coated superparamagnetic manganese ferrite nano-particles for targeted drug delivery and MR imaging applications","volume":"431","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science"},{"key":"2020032812432818100_WST-EM17614R1C18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1080\/09593330.2014.982718","article-title":"Photo catalytic reduction of hexavalent chromium with illuminated amorphous FeOOH","volume":"36","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environmental Technology"},{"key":"2020032812432818100_WST-EM17614R1C19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2013.06.061","article-title":"A comparative study of spinel structured Mn3O4, Co3O4 and Fe3O4 nano-particles in catalytic oxidation of phenolic contaminants in aqueous solutions","volume":"407","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science"},{"key":"2020032812432818100_WST-EM17614R1C20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2011.10.023","article-title":"Kinetics and thermodynamics studies on the adsorption of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) from aqueous solution using zinc oxide nano-particles","volume":"217","year":"2012","journal-title":"Powder Technology"},{"key":"2020032812432818100_WST-EM17614R1C21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2015.01.103","article-title":"High-capacity adsorption of dissolved hexavalent chromium using amine-functionalized magnetic corn stalk composites","volume":"190","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioresource Technology"},{"key":"2020032812432818100_WST-EM17614R1C22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2007.07.008","article-title":"The kinetic and thermodynamic studies of phenol-sorption onto three agro-based carbons","volume":"225","year":"2008","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"2020032812432818100_WST-EM17614R1C23","first-page":"37","article-title":"Perchlorate uptake by wheat straw based adsorbent from aqueous solution and its subsequent biological regeneration","volume":"211\u2013212","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chemical Engineering Journal"},{"key":"2020032812432818100_WST-EM17614R1C24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2014.07.109","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of a novel chitosan\/Al2O3\/magnetite nano-particles composite adsorbent for kinetic, thermodynamic and isotherm studies of Methyl Orange adsorption","volume":"259","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemical Engineering Journal"},{"key":"2020032812432818100_WST-EM17614R1C25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2013.09.133","article-title":"Adsorption and desorption characteristics of imidazole-modified silica for chromium (VI)","volume":"287","year":"2013","journal-title":"Applied Surface Science"},{"key":"2020032812432818100_WST-EM17614R1C26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2015.01.060","article-title":"Enhanced adsorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions on facilely synthesized mesoporous iron\u2013zirconium bimetal oxide","volume":"481","year":"2015","journal-title":"Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects"},{"key":"2020032812432818100_WST-EM17614R1C27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2012.11.049","article-title":"Adsorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions by graphene modified with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide","volume":"394","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science"},{"key":"2020032812432818100_WST-EM17614R1C28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2014.02.044","article-title":"The investigation of synergistic and competitive interaction between dye Congo red and methyl blue on magnetic MnFe2O4","volume":"246","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chemical Engineering Journal"},{"key":"2020032812432818100_WST-EM17614R1C29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2006.11.052","article-title":"Hexavalent chromium reduction by Acinetobacter haemolyticus isolated from heavy-metal contaminated wastewater","volume":"146","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials"},{"key":"2020032812432818100_WST-EM17614R1C30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2016.152","article-title":"Optimizing Cu(II) removal from aqueous solution by magnetic nano-particles immobilized on activated carbon using Taguchi method","volume":"74","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Science and Technology"}],"container-title":["Water Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article-pdf\/76\/12\/3368\/241490\/wst076123368.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article-pdf\/76\/12\/3368\/241490\/wst076123368.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,28]],"date-time":"2020-03-28T16:46:00Z","timestamp":1585413960000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article\/76\/12\/3368\/38394\/Synthesis-of-MnFe2O4-and-Mn3O4-magnetic"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,25]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wst.2017.501","relation":{},"ISSN":["0273-1223","1996-9732"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0273-1223","type":"print"},{"value":"1996-9732","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,25]]}}}