{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T09:39:41Z","timestamp":1771493981303,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>French vertical flow constructed wetlands (French VFCWs) are widely used for the treatment of wastewaters from small communities. In the system, unsettled wastewater is percolated through two successive stages of filter-cells planted with reeds. This causes the formation of a surface sludge layer. This layer plays positive roles in the treatment performance, but also leads to clogging. The objective of this study was to contribute to the description of the sludge deposits characteristics and their dynamics of evolution, which may control the development of clogging. Representative samples of sludge deposits were taken from 14 French VFCWs full-scale plants and analyzed for particle size, dynamic vapor sorption and other parameters of composition to compare their structure and evaluate the factors of influence. Results showed that ageing of the surface deposits layer over the years of operation in each plant induced the formation and integration of microaggregates within the initial macrostructure of fresh organic matter (OM). The humification process of the OM was found to play a key role in the aggregation process. The injection of FeCl3 operated to precipitate phosphates before filtration was found to accelerate the aggregation process in the early phase (&amp;lt;1 year) of operation of the sludge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2017.523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]],"date-time":"2017-10-11T00:25:35Z","timestamp":1507681535000},"page":"79-90","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Study of aggregation in surface sludge deposits from 14 full-scale French constructed wetlands using particle size distribution and dynamic vapor sorption analyses"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Kania","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, DEEP, 20 av. Albert Einstein, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France"},{"name":"SCIRPE, 5 All\u00e9e Alban Vistel, 69110 Sainte-Foy-L\u00e8s-Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Gautier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, DEEP, 20 av. Albert Einstein, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Michel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SCIRPE, 5 All\u00e9e Alban Vistel, 69110 Sainte-Foy-L\u00e8s-Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Gourdon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, DEEP, 20 av. Albert Einstein, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020032811235956600_WST-EM17647R2C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2015.01.027","article-title":"Sewage sludge, compost and other representative organic wastes as agricultural soil amendments: benefits versus limiting factors","volume":"40","year":"2015","journal-title":"Waste Management"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2020032811235956600_WST-EM17647R2C2","first-page":"163","article-title":"Study of the aggregation of the surface layer of Technosols from stormwater infiltration basins using grain size analyses with laser diffractometry","volume":"153","year":"2009","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"2020032811235956600_WST-EM17647R2C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1994.03615995005800030020x","article-title":"Water-stable aggregates and organic matter fractions in conventional and no-tillage soils","volume":"58","year":"1994","journal-title":"Soil Science Society of America Journal"},{"key":"2020032811235956600_WST-EM17647R2C4","first-page":"67","article-title":"L\u2019\u00e9puration v\u00e9g\u00e9talis\u00e9e s'ouvre \u00e0 de nouveaux march\u00e9s","volume":"390","year":"2016","journal-title":"L'eau, l'industrie, les nuisances"},{"key":"2020032811235956600_WST-EM17647R2C5","first-page":"43","article-title":"Indicateurs de Colmatage de FPR \u00e0 EV. 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PhD Thesis. Geosciences of Environment, Polytechnique National Institute of Lorraine \u2013 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France, pp. 1\u2013273."},{"key":"2020032811235956600_WST-EM17647R2C14","first-page":"23","article-title":"Let the soil work for us","volume":"39","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ecological Bulletins"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"2020032811235956600_WST-EM17647R2C15","first-page":"924","article-title":"Water distribution in biowastes and digestates of dry anaerobic digestion technology","volume":"172","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chemical Engineering Journal"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2020032811235956600_WST-EM17647R2C16","first-page":"115","article-title":"Impacts of morphological, physical and chemical properties of sludge flocs on dewaterability of activated sludge","volume":"98","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chemical Engineering 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Traitement de Boues Activ\u00e9es et les Mati\u00e8res de Vidange (Sludge Drying Reed Beds for Treatment of Sludge Activated and Septage)\n          . PhD Thesis, Chemical Sciences and Food science, University of Montpellier II, France."}],"container-title":["Water Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article-pdf\/77\/1\/79\/211431\/wst077010079.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article-pdf\/77\/1\/79\/211431\/wst077010079.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,28]],"date-time":"2020-03-28T15:32:49Z","timestamp":1585409569000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article\/77\/1\/79\/38440\/Study-of-aggregation-in-surface-sludge-deposits"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,10]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wst.2017.523","relation":{},"ISSN":["0273-1223","1996-9732"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0273-1223","type":"print"},{"value":"1996-9732","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,10]]}}}