{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T10:47:14Z","timestamp":1760784434907},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This study examined the effects on nitrate removal when adding sulfur granules and crushed seashells to a woodchip bioreactor treating aquaculture effluents. Using a central composite design, the two components were added at three levels (0.000, 0.125 and 0.250 m3\/m3 bioreactor volume) to 13 laboratory-scale woodchip bioreactors, and a response surface method was applied to find and model the optimal mixture ratios with respect to reactor performance. Adding 0.125 m3\/m3 sulfur granules improved the total N removal rate from 3.27 \u00b1 0.38 to 8.12 \u00b1 0.49 g N\/m3\/d compared to pure woodchips. Furthermore, the inclusion of crushed seashells together with sulfur granules helped to maintain the pH above 7.4 and prevent a production (i.e., release) of nitrite. According to the modeled response surfaces, a sulfur granule:crushed seashell:woodchip mixture ratio containing about 0.2 m3 sulfur granules and 0.1 m3 crushed seashells per m3 reactor volume would give the best results with respect to high N removal and minimal nitrite release. In conclusion, the study showed that N removal in woodchip bioreactors may be improved by adding sulfur granules and seashells, contributing to the optimization of woodchip performance in treating aquaculture effluents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2018.148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,3]],"date-time":"2018-04-03T11:50:10Z","timestamp":1522756210000},"page":"2301-2310","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Nitrate removal from aquaculture effluents using woodchip bioreactors improved by adding sulfur granules and crushed seashells"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Mathis","family":"von Ahnen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Denmark, DTU Aqua, Section for Aquaculture, The North Sea Research Centre, P.O. 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