{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T12:24:44Z","timestamp":1791980684240,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Groundwater contamination in Thailand from leaking of leachate due to improper solid waste disposal can cause contamination by PFOA (one of the perfluorinated compounds). This study proposed a new idea for the removal of PFOA from groundwater using a combination of membrane filtration and photocatalysis. Spiked groundwater samples were treated by nanofiltration and the rejected part was sent to a UV contact tank for photocatalysis. All samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS\/MS). The results showed that the removal efficiency of nanofiltration was 99.62%, and the rejected part was degraded by photocatalysis at an efficiency of 59.64%. Thus, the contaminants released to the environment were only 34.23%, which is around three times lower than nanofiltration alone. The results of this technical feasibility study proved that hybrid membrane filtration and photocatalysis are able to remove and degrade the contaminants in the rejected part significantly before being released to the environment, which has been the biggest gap in the processing of membrane filtration, and should be studied further in other aspects, such as fouling effects, energy consumption, and operating costs in a long-term pilot run.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2018.178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]],"date-time":"2018-04-17T09:40:11Z","timestamp":1523958011000},"page":"561-569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Study of hybrid membrane filtration and photocatalysis for removal of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in groundwater"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"2017","author":[{"given":"Apisara","family":"Boonya-atichart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25\/25 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Rd. Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suwanna Kitpati","family":"Boontanon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25\/25 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Rd. Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand"},{"name":"Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narin","family":"Boontanon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Rd. Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020032810295922300_WST-EM171259C1","article-title":"Removal of Perfluorinated Compounds From Water using Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron","year":"2014"},{"key":"2020032810295922300_WST-EM171259C2","volume-title":"Study of Hybrid Membrane Filtration and Photocatalysis for the Removal of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in Groundwater","year":"2017"},{"issue":"11","key":"2020032810295922300_WST-EM171259C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2627","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2016.434","article-title":"Removal of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in groundwater by nanofiltration membrane","volume":"74","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Science and Technology"},{"key":"2020032810295922300_WST-EM171259C4","volume-title":"Nano-enabled Environmental Products and Opportunities and Drawbacks","year":"2015"},{"key":"2020032810295922300_WST-EM171259C5","unstructured":"Department of Environmental Quality Promotion\n          2016\n          Waste and Municipal Solid Waste Management in Thailand. Retrieved 29 July 2017, from Department of Environmental Quality Promotion. http:\/\/www.environnet.in.th\/en\/archives\/3708."},{"key":"2020032810295922300_WST-EM171259C6","unstructured":"Federal Provincial Territorial Committee on Drinking Water\n          2016\n          Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in Drinking Water. From Government of Canada. https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/content\/dam\/hc-sc\/healthy-canadians\/migration\/health-system-systeme-sante\/consultations\/acide-perfluorooctanoic-acid\/alt\/perfluorooctanoic-eng.pdf."},{"key":"2020032810295922300_WST-EM171259C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2016.03.116","article-title":"Efficient degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) by photocatalytic ozonation","volume":"296","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemical Engineering Journal"},{"key":"2020032810295922300_WST-EM171259C8","volume-title":"Application of Nanoparticles for Removal of Perfluorinated Compounds in Synthetic Wastewaters","year":"2009"},{"key":"2020032810295922300_WST-EM171259C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-21872-9","article-title":"Treatment options for the removal and degradation of polyfluorinated chemicals","volume-title":"Polyfluorinated Chemicals and Transformation Products","author":"Knepper","year":"2012"},{"key":"2020032810295922300_WST-EM171259C10","unstructured":"State Water Resources Control Board\n          2010\n          Groundwater Information Sheet Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) & Related Compounds. Retrieved 21 February 2015. http:\/\/www.waterboards.ca.gov\/gama\/docs\/coc_tce.pdf."},{"key":"2020032810295922300_WST-EM171259C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-37006-9","article-title":"Emerging organic contaminants in groundwater","volume-title":"Smart Sensors for Real-Time Water Quality Monitoring","author":"Mukhopadhyay","year":"2013"},{"issue":"23","key":"2020032810295922300_WST-EM171259C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7343","DOI":"10.1021\/es060831q","article-title":"Use of reverse osmosis membranes to remove perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) from semiconductor wastewater","volume":"40","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2020032810295922300_WST-EM171259C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1021\/es062052f","article-title":"Effect of flux (transmembrane pressure) and membrane properties on fouling and rejection of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes treating perfluorooctane sulfonate containing wastewater","volume":"41","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2020032810295922300_WST-EM171259C14","unstructured":"USEPA\n          2014\n          Emerging Contaminants \u2013 Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA). From USEPA."},{"key":"2020032810295922300_WST-EM171259C15","unstructured":"USEPA\n          2016\n          Drinking Water Health Advisory for Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) (EPA Document Number: 822-R-16-005)."}],"container-title":["Water Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article-pdf\/2017\/2\/561\/217456\/wst2017020561.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article-pdf\/2017\/2\/561\/217456\/wst2017020561.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,28]],"date-time":"2020-03-28T10:30:08Z","timestamp":1585391408000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article\/2017\/2\/561\/38798\/Study-of-hybrid-membrane-filtration-and"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wst.2018.178","relation":{},"ISSN":["0273-1223","1996-9732"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0273-1223","type":"print"},{"value":"1996-9732","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]]}}}