{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T14:40:35Z","timestamp":1783003235907,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"5","funder":[{"name":"Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This research study aims to investigate the efficiency of synthesized porous pig bone char (PBC) for reduction of disinfection by-product (DBP) precursors from surface water. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is commonly present in natural water and acts as a disinfection by-product precursor. Adsorption is one of the promising technologies that is commonly applied for DOM removal. Interestingly, the properties of pig bone are such that it has a surface area and pore volumes that can adsorb DOM. Pig bone was synthesized as porous bone char (PBC). The results show that synthesized PBC at 900 \u00b0C (PBC-900 \u00b0C) provides a high volume of mesoporous structure. The adsorption process was best fitted with the pseudo-second-order and Freundlich isotherm model. Thus, the mechanisms occurred on the multilayer adsorption of the surface. PBC-900 \u00b0C can remove approximately 70\u201380% of DOM with varying concentrations, from 0.2 g\/L to 0.8 g\/L. Furthermore, the results of fluorescence excitation\u2013emission (FEEM) showed that humic acids and humic-like substances in water can be removed by using PBC at concentrations higher than 0.4 g\/L. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that PBC is an alternative low-cost adsorbent which can be utilized for reduction of DBP precursors from water.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2018.486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,21]],"date-time":"2018-11-21T22:16:31Z","timestamp":1542838591000},"page":"857-865","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Synthesis of porous pig bone char as adsorbent for removal of DBP precursors from surface water"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Aunnop","family":"Wongrueng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand and Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"},{"name":"Research Program in Hazardous Substance Management in Agricultural Industry, Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pharkphum","family":"Rakruam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand and Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alongorn","family":"Siri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Postgraduate Programs in Environmental Management, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adisak","family":"Siyasukh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020032813165766700_WST-EM18922C1a","unstructured":"APHA, AWWA & WEF\n          2018\n          Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 23rd edn. 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