{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T02:46:26Z","timestamp":1773456386466,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Results of an extended survey on the production and quality of sewage sludge produced in Italy are herewith reported and discussed. Data are relevant to 2015. They were provided by 84 Italian water utilities responsible for municipal wastewater treatment serving approximately 35 million persons. Total production was estimated at about 395,000 t dry solids\/year, of which 9.9% is used in agriculture without further treatments, 26.4% is sent to external plants for compost production, 5.6% is sent to external plant for production of a soil conditioner called \u2018chalk of defecation\u2019, 17.2% is disposed to landfill, and 5.9% is sent to incineration or co-incineration plants. The rest (35%) is sent to external sludge centres for further treatments (manly chemical and physical processes) before recovery\/disposal. Regarding chemical characterization the following parameters were investigated: TOC, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, potassium, arsenic, cadmium, copper, nickel, lead, zinc, mercury, total chromium, chromium VI, selenium, hydrocarbons C10\u2013C40, sum of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, sum of polychlorinated biphenyls, sum of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins\/dibenzo-p-furanes (toxic equivalent) salmonella, faecal coliforms, sulphur, sum of absorbable halogenated organic compounds, nonylphenol and nonylphenolethoxylates with one or two ethoxy groups, and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. All the parameters showed that the quality of Italian sewage sludge is consistent with a typical sludge in Europe, Asia and America and the maximum concentrations of pollutants are well below the fixed standards of the European Directive 86\/278 and the third draft of the European Commission's Working Document on Sludge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2019.064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]],"date-time":"2019-02-19T20:28:02Z","timestamp":1550608082000},"page":"619-626","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Production and characteristics of sewage sludge in Italy"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Mininni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Water Research Institute of the Italian National Research Council, Monterotondo (Rome), Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Mauro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UTILITALIA Association of the Water, Energy and Environment Utilities, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernardo","family":"Piccioli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UTILITALIA Association of the Water, Energy and Environment Utilities, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giordano","family":"Colarullo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UTILITALIA Association of the Water, Energy and Environment Utilities, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Brandolini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UTILITALIA Association of the Water, Energy and Environment Utilities, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Giacomelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UTILITALIA Association of the Water, Energy and Environment Utilities, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020032811153539600_WST-EM181362C1","volume-title":"Biological Wastewater Treatment Series \u2013 Volume VI Sludge Treatment and Disposal","year":"2007"},{"key":"2020032811153539600_WST-EM181362C2","unstructured":"Arpav (Regional Agency for the Environmental Prevention and Protection of the Veneto Region)\n          2016\n          Qualit\u00e0 Delle Acque Sotterranee 2016. 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EN 14039."},{"key":"2020032811153539600_WST-EM181362C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(02)00785-3","article-title":"A comparison of TEQ contributions from PCDDs, PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs in sewage sludges from Catalonia, Spain","volume":"51","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2020032811153539600_WST-EM181362C8","unstructured":"European Commission\n          2000\n          Working Document on Sludge 3rd Draft. ENV.E.3\/LM. http:\/\/www.ewa-online.eu\/comments.html?file = tl_files\/_media\/content\/documents_pdf\/European%20Water%20Policy\/Comments\/Sewage%20Sludge\/EWA_WD_sludge_en.pdf."},{"key":"2020032811153539600_WST-EM181362C9","unstructured":"European Communities\n          1991\n          Council Directive of 21 May 1991 Concerning Urban Waste Water Treatment. https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/PDF\/?uri = CELEX:31991L0271."},{"issue":"9","key":"2020032811153539600_WST-EM181362C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6256","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-013-1686-x","article-title":"Partitioning of nutrients and micropollutants along the sludge treatment line: a case study","volume":"20","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"key":"2020032811153539600_WST-EM181362C11","unstructured":"Ispra\n          2018\n          Rapporto Rifiuti Speciali. Edizione 2018 (Report on Special Wastes 2018). http:\/\/www.isprambiente.gov.it\/files2018\/pubblicazioni\/rapporti\/Rapporto_285_2018.pdf."},{"key":"2020032811153539600_WST-EM181362C12","unstructured":"Istat\n          2017\n          Anno 2015 Censimento delle acque per uso civile (Year 2015 Census of Waters for Civil use). https:\/\/www.istat.it\/it\/files\/2017\/12\/Report-Censimento-acque.pdf."},{"key":"2020032811153539600_WST-EM181362C13","unstructured":"Koch\n            F.\n          \n          1997\n          Sewage Sludge Disposal in Austria. https:\/\/inis.iaea.org\/collection\/NCLCollectionStore\/_Public\/29\/009\/29009786.pdf."},{"key":"2020032811153539600_WST-EM181362C14","unstructured":"New Jersey Department of Environment Protection \u2013 Division of Water Quality\n          2017\n          Historic Sewage Sludge Quality. https:\/\/www.nj.gov\/dep\/dwq\/pdf\/Historic_Sewage_Sludge_Quality.pdf."},{"key":"2020032811153539600_WST-EM181362C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(01)01338-3","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants","volume":"938","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Chromatography A"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020032811153539600_WST-EM181362C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-6380(02)00216-4","article-title":"Characterisation of sewage sludge-derived organic matter: lipids and humic acids","volume":"34","year":"2003","journal-title":"Organic Geochemistry"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020032811153539600_WST-EM181362C17","first-page":"2424","article-title":"Sustainability of sewages sludge disposal","volume":"2014","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020032811153539600_WST-EM181362C18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/S0883-2927(02)00018-5","article-title":"A review of the source, behaviour and distribution of arsenic in natural waters","volume":"17","year":"2002","journal-title":"Applied Geochemisty"},{"key":"2020032811153539600_WST-EM181362C19","unstructured":"Umweltbundesamt\n          2013\n          Sewage Sludge Management in Germany. https:\/\/www.umweltbundesamt.de\/sites\/default\/files\/medien\/378\/publikationen\/sewage_sludge_management_in_germany.pdf."}],"container-title":["Water Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article-pdf\/79\/4\/619\/617053\/wst079040619.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article-pdf\/79\/4\/619\/617053\/wst079040619.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,28]],"date-time":"2020-03-28T15:23:02Z","timestamp":1585408982000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article\/79\/4\/619\/65979\/Production-and-characteristics-of-sewage-sludge-in"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,15]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wst.2019.064","relation":{},"ISSN":["0273-1223","1996-9732"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0273-1223","type":"print"},{"value":"1996-9732","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,15]]}}}