{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T01:16:46Z","timestamp":1790039806434,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to optimize the coagulation\u2013flocculation effect of a wastewater treatment system using the response surface methodology (RSM) and three-step method to minimize phosphorus concentration in the distillate wastewater. In order to minimize the concentration of total phosphorus (TP), experiments were carried out using -factorial designs with three levels and three factors. A Box\u2013Behnken design, which is the standard design of RSM, was used to evaluate the effects and interactions of three major factors (Fe:P (w\/w) ratio, coagulation pH and fast mixing speed (FMS)) on the treatment efficiency. A multivariable quadratic model developed for studying the response indicated that the values for optimum conditions for Fe:P (w\/w) ratio, coagulation pH and FMS were 2.40, 6.48 and 100 rev min\u22121, respectively. Under optimal process conditions, the TP concentration in the distillery effluent was reduced from 10 mg L\u22121 to 0.215 mg L\u22121, representing a removal efficiency of 97.85%. Based upon the statistical evaluation of results, it is inferred that RSM can be used as an appropriate approach to optimize the coag-flocculation process. Meanwhile, the study has shown that, for the equivalent dose of ferric chloride, the average three-step effect is better than that of the one-time addition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2019.197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,11]],"date-time":"2019-06-11T12:15:45Z","timestamp":1560255345000},"page":"2046-2055","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Improvement of the process of removing phosphorus from high-phosphorus distillery effluent by ferric chloride using response surface methodology and three-step method"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Shengjian","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, No. 2 CuiHu North Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650091, 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