{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T05:21:11Z","timestamp":1780982471897,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Continuously flushing moving bed sand filter was operated in pilot scale for phosphorus (P) and nitrogen removal with simultaneous particle removal. The wastewater tested was either final effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with nitrogen removal in moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) followed by coagulation and dissolved air flotation (DAF) for P and suspended solids (SS) removal, or different mixtures of this final effluent and effluent from the MBBR-stage. The study focused on the applicability to achieve low total phosphorus (TP) concentrations (below 0.1 mg\/L) and suspended solids concentrations (below 10 mg SS\/L), plus good denitrification (removal rate over 750 g NO3-N\/m3-d), by treating wastewater having variable concentrations of TP (from 0.19 to 7.3 mg\/L), SS (from 3 to 169 mg\/L) and total nitrogen (from 8 to 27 mg\/L). The target effluent TP limit was easily achieved when adding coagulant to WWTP effluent. With correct coagulant dose (Al\/TP-molar ratio &amp;gt;4) and good particle removal the target effluent TP could also be reached when treating mixed WW with fairly high influent TP. Very high denitrification rates were achieved with adequate influent P concentration and external carbon source. Low denitrification rates were observed when limited by low concentrations of biodegradable carbon and phosphorus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2019.266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,3]],"date-time":"2019-08-03T10:54:14Z","timestamp":1564829654000},"page":"232-242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evaluation of moving bed sand filter for denitrification, suspended solids removal and very low effluent total phosphorus concentrations"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"S. S.","family":"Rathnaweera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquateam COWI, Karvesvingen 2, 0579 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Rusten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquateam COWI, Karvesvingen 2, 0579 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. D.","family":"Manamperuma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquateam COWI, Karvesvingen 2, 0579 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Gjevre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nordic Water Products AB, D\u00f8lasletta 7, 3408 Tranby, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Tranum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ullensaker municipality, Jessheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020032814214592000_WST-EM19234C1","volume-title":"Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater","author":"APHA\/AWWA\/WEF","year":"2005","edition":"21st edn"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020032814214592000_WST-EM19234C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.1986.0062","article-title":"Procedures for determining influent COD fractions 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