{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:45:11Z","timestamp":1787024711259,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The current research focuses on the photocatalytic, sonocatalytic and sonophotocatalytic degradation of nigrosine dye with nitrogen-doped and undoped zinc oxide powders. The sonophotocatalytic degradation of dye was found to occur at a higher rate than during photo- or sonocatalytic processes. Nitrogen-doped and undoped zinc oxide powders were synthesized by a wet chemical method. Further, scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), electron dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-VIS spectroscopy (UV-VIS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used for the characterization of N-doped ZnO. The kinetics of nigrosine degradation were also studied and the results indicated that the degradation kinetics of nigrosine followed the first-order kinetics. The rate constant and the percentage of degradation were found to be highest, 7.33 \u00d7 10\u22124 (s\u22121) and 92% respectively, for sonophotocatalytic process after 90 min of reaction. Due to an increase in the available surface area or active sites of the catalyst, a higher rate constant and degradation efficiency was observed in the sonophotocatalytic system than in the photocatalysis system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2019.396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]],"date-time":"2019-12-02T14:39:26Z","timestamp":1575297566000},"page":"1466-1475","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Kinetics of sonophotocatalytic degradation of an anionic dye nigrosine with doped and undoped zinc oxide"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Srishti","family":"Kumawat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Photochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, M. L. 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