{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T05:28:08Z","timestamp":1783661288277,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"9","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People\u2019s Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81871531"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81871531"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Shanghai Science and Technology Commission","award":["19DZ1200600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19DZ1200600"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine","award":["17DZ2273200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17DZ2273200"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Forensic Service Platform","award":["19DZ2292700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19DZ2292700"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Assessing collective drug consumption based on the concentrations of illicit drugs and their metabolites in wastewater is a new technology. Currently, this technology is receiving attention in China, and methods for multiple illicit drug detection in wastewater are urgently needed. In our study, a method with a short runtime (7 min), a small solid-phase extraction (SPE) loading volume (50 mL) and high sensitivity (lower limits of quantitation (LLOQs) ranged from 0.2 to 5 ng\/L) was developed for the simultaneous determination of amphetamines, ketamine, opiates, cocaine and their metabolites in wastewater. Samples were enriched by SPE on a mixed-mode sorbent (Oasis MCX) and analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS\/MS). The limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.1 to 2 ng\/L, and the LLOQs varied between 0.2 and 5 ng\/L. Moreover, the method developed was applied to real wastewater samples collected from 15 different wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In the results, the most abundant compounds were morphine (1.8\u201346.6 ng\/L) and codeine (3.7\u201324.9 ng\/L), which were detected in 13 WWTPs. After successful optimization of the UPLC-MS\/MS conditions and sample loading pH, the method developed is able to meet the needs of common illicit drug monitoring and high-throughput analysis requirements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2020.445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T13:56:35Z","timestamp":1601992595000},"page":"1771-1780","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Simultaneous determination of 11 illicit drugs and metabolites in wastewater by UPLC-MS\/MS"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Shuai","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China"},{"name":"Department of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, No. 1347 Guangfu Xi Road, Shanghai 200063, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, No. 1347 Guangfu Xi Road, Shanghai 200063, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roujia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China"},{"name":"Department of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, No. 1347 Guangfu Xi Road, Shanghai 200063, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruxin","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, 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