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In two environments (pure-water environment and kaolin environment) that simulate suspended solids, we studied the dosage, pH, precipitation time, and hydraulic power of ZnO-NPs at three different initial concentrations (1, 2, and 30 mg\/L). The effects of various conditions on the performance of PAFC, CPAM, and PAFC\/CPAM to remove ZnO-NPs were examined. Results showed that the overall removal rate of ZnO-NPs in the kaolin environment was slightly higher than that in the pure-water environment. In contrast the removal rate of ZnO-NPs in the PAFC\/CPAM was significantly higher than that of PAFC or CPAM alone. The coagulation removal conditions of ZnO-NPs were optimized using a response-surface model. Under the best conditions, the removal rate of ZnO-NPs with an initial mass concentration of 30 mg\/L in the PAFC\/CPAM combination in pure-water and kaolin environments was 98.54% and 99.17%, respectively. Finally, by studying the changes in floc size during coagulation, enhanced coagulation was an efficient method of removing ZnO-NPs from water.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2021.219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T12:23:09Z","timestamp":1623241389000},"page":"484-498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Application of PAFC\/CPAM for the removal of ZnO nanoparticles by enhanced coagulation"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Zhaoyang","family":"You","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changrong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongjun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2021.219-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2019.103795","article-title":"Data supporting the investigation of interaction of biologically relevant proteins with ZnO nanomaterials: a confounding factor for in vitro toxicity endpoints","volume":"23","author":"Emilie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Data Brief"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2021.219-2","article-title":"Introduction to conventional wastewater treatment technologies: limitations and recent advances","volume-title":"Advances in Wastewater Treatment I Ed","author":"Gedda","year":"2021"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2021.219-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es9015553"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2021.219-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2007.11.047"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2021.219-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2012.530"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2021.219-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su11010017"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2021.219-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2017.07.587"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2021.219-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000955"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2021.219-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2011.08.100"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2021.219-10"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2021.219-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rajput V., Minkina T., Sushkova S., Behal A., Maksimov A., Blicharska E., Ghazaryan K., Movsesyan H., Barsova N. 2019 ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles: A Threat to Soil Organisms, Plants, and Human Health.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-019-00317-3"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2021.219-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24173138"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2021.219-13","article-title":"Toxicity of TiO2, SiO2, ZnO, CuO, Au and Ag engineered nanoparticles on hatching and early nauplii of Artemia sp","volume":"6","author":"Rohit","year":"2019","journal-title":"PEERJ"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2021.219-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2019.03.090"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2021.219-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.11.030"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2021.219-16","article-title":"Investigation of ZnO nanoparticles on proline, anthocyanin contents and photosynthetic pigments and lipid peroxidation in the soybean","volume":"13","author":"Shahla","year":"2019","journal-title":"IET Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2021.219-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1166\/jbn.2011.1220"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2021.219-18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1002\/app.40062","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of composite flocculant PAFS\u2013CPAM for the treatment of textile dye wastewater","volume":"131","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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