{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T13:25:33Z","timestamp":1758893133795,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nitrate pollution is a global problem as it affects both the environment and human health. The objective of this research was to study the effect of electrode configuration on the electro-reduction of nitrate. Coaxial cylindrical (inner rod and outer tube copper cathodes) and vertical plate parallel copper cathodes paired with Ti\/RuO2-IrO2 (rod, tube, and plate) configurations were studied under various current densities and initial nitrate concentrations. The efficiency of each configuration was determined based on the removal efficiency of nitrate, specific energy consumption, mass transfer coefficients, and first order rate constants. Additionally, the overall systems\u2019 resistance and geometric factors are discussed. It was found that the performances of the inner rod and outer tube copper cathodes were similar. The vertical plate parallel configuration was superior to the coaxial cylindrical electrode setup, as evident from a higher maximum nitrate removal of 74 and 56% at a current density of 7 mA\/cm2 and lower energy consumption of 46.7 \u00d7 10\u22123 and 54.3 \u00d7 10\u22123 kWh\/mmol NO3\u2212 at 36.4 mA\/cm2, respectively. In addition, the mass transfer coefficients and first order rate constants were higher in all conditions tested for the vertical plate parallel configuration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2022.262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T11:40:01Z","timestamp":1661168401000},"page":"1642-1652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparing the effects of Cu-Ti\/RuO2-IrO2 electrode configuration on the electro-reduction of nitrate"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7588-9690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hilla","family":"Shemer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rabin Desalination Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Semiat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rabin Desalination Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022101417571983200_WST-D-22-00407C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152233","article-title":"Global diagnosis of nitrate pollution in groundwater and review of removal technologies","volume":"810","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. 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