{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T12:18:25Z","timestamp":1774959505380,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2019MEE106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2019MEE106"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Flash flood disaster is one of the important natural disasters, bringing harm to human life and causing serious economic losses, so it is urgent to improve the accuracy of flash flood warning. To determine the critical rainfall and early warning indicators of disaster prevention objects, the Shuyuan Watershed of Qufu City Shandong Province was selected as the research object, the key disaster prevention objects were screened and finally, Hengmiao Village and Gaolou Village were selected as typical disaster prevention objects. Empirical analysis method, Storm analysis method, and model analysis method were used to calculate the critical rainfall at different times under different soil water content conditions, compare and analyze the rationality and existing problems of these three methods, and comprehensively determine the indicators of typical disaster prevention objects under different circumstances. The results show that the value of the index calculated by the storm analysis method is small and calculated by the model analysis method is large. This paper can improve the accuracy of flash flood warning, select the critical rainfall calculation method according to local conditions, accurately calculate the parameter values, and deal with the problem of effective early warning in the region as a whole.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2023.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T10:05:19Z","timestamp":1674468319000},"page":"892-909","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Early warning index of flash flood disaster: a case study of Shuyuan watershed in Qufu City"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Xiaomin","family":"Teng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a College of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"b Shandong Vocational College of Technology, Weifang 261053, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiamin","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a College of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengyao","family":"Diao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a College of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wanglin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a College of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.016-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1694(99)00115-8"},{"issue":"12","key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.016-2","first-page":"40","article-title":"Study on critical rainfall analysis and calculation method of mountain flood disaster","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Yangtze River"},{"issue":"1","key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.016-3","first-page":"81","article-title":"Analytical results for operational flash flood guidance","volume":"317","author":"Georgakakos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Hydrology"},{"issue":"3","key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.016-4","article-title":"Determination of mountain flood warning index based on distributed hydrological model","volume":"267","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science"},{"issue":"06","key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.016-5","first-page":"23","article-title":"Review on determination method of critical rainfall of flash flood","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Flood Control and Drought Relief in China"},{"issue":"05","key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.016-6","first-page":"70","article-title":"Application of distributed Topkapi hydrological model based on GIS in flood forecasting","author":"Liu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Water Conservancy"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.016-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-9-347-2005"},{"issue":"03","key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.016-8","first-page":"317","article-title":"Flash flood warning method for small and medium rivers based on dynamic critical rainfall and its application","volume":"46","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Beijing Normal University (Natural Science Edition)"},{"issue":"08","key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.016-9","first-page":"15","article-title":"Analysis on determination method of critical rainfall of mountain torrent disaster in data deficient area","volume":"45","year":"2014","journal-title":"Water Resources and Hydropower Technique"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.016-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Norbiato, D., Borga, M., Esposti, S. D., Gaume, E. & Anquetin, S. 2008 Flash flood warning based on rainfall thresholds and soil moisture conditions: An assessment for gauged and ungauged basins. Journal of Hydrology 362 (3\u20134), 274\u2013290.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2008.08.023"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.016-11","unstructured":"Ren C. F. 2015 Analysis and Application of Mountain Flood Disaster Early Warning Index in Small Watershed of Shandong Province. Shandong University, Jinan. (in Chinese)."},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.016-12"},{"issue":"04","key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.016-13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Calculation of critical rainfall index of mountain flood in small watershed based on semi-distributed hydrological model","volume":"40","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hydrological"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.016-14"},{"issue":"04","key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.016-15","first-page":"157","article-title":"Comparative study on calculating methods of storm mountain flood disaster warning index","volume":"52","year":"2020","journal-title":"Engineering Science and Technology"},{"issue":"01","key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.016-16","first-page":"101","article-title":"Research and application of flash flood warning method based on dynamic critical rainfall","volume":"40","author":"Ye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Meteorological"},{"issue":"12","key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.016-17","first-page":"66","article-title":"Estimation model and application of mountain flood disaster warning index based on disaster prevention ability","volume":"38","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hydropower Energy Science"},{"issue":"04","key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.016-18","first-page":"570","article-title":"Study on spatial interpolation analysis method of critical rainfall of flash flood disaster in Yunnan Province","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.016-19","first-page":"40","article-title":"Mountain flood rainfall warning in small watershed based on HEC-HMS","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"China Rural Water and Hydropower"},{"issue":"08","key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.016-20","first-page":"49","article-title":"Application of mountain flood disaster warning index in small watershed","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Guangdong Water Resources and Hydropower"},{"issue":"09","key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.016-21","first-page":"1133","article-title":"Risk assessment of mountain flood disaster in China","volume":"47","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering"}],"container-title":["Water Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article-pdf\/87\/4\/892\/1178695\/wst087040892.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article-pdf\/87\/4\/892\/1178695\/wst087040892.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T10:05:19Z","timestamp":1678874719000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article\/87\/4\/892\/93124\/Early-warning-index-of-flash-flood-disaster-a-case"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,21]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wst.2023.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0273-1223","1996-9732"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0273-1223","type":"print"},{"value":"1996-9732","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,21]]}}}