{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T02:29:53Z","timestamp":1780885793841,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004767","name":"University of Science and Technology Liaoning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019FW03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019FW03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004767","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p\/>\n               <jats:p>Coking wastewater is a typical organic refractory wastewater characterized by high chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4+-N, and total organic carbon (TOC). Herein, coking wastewater was treated using a heterogeneous electro-Fenton (EF) system comprising a novel iron-loaded needle coke composite cathode (Fe-NCCC) and a dimensionally stable anode. The response surface methodology was used to optimize the reaction conditions. The predicted and actual COD removal rates were 92.13 and 89.96% under optimum conditions of an applied voltage of 4.92 V, an electrode spacing of 2.29 cm, and an initial pH of 3.01. The optimized removal rate of NH4+-N and TOC was 84.12 and 73.44%, respectively. The color of coking wastewater decreased from 250-fold to colorless, and the BOD5\/COD increased from 0.126 to 0.34. Gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy show that macromolecular heterocyclic organic compounds decomposed into straight-chain small molecules and even completely mineralized. The energy consumption of the EF process was 23.5 RMB Yuan per cubic meter of coking wastewater. The EF system comprising the Fe-NCCC can effectively remove pollutants from coking wastewater, has low electricity consumption, and can simultaneously reduce various pollution indicators with potential applications in the treatment of high-concentration and difficult-to-degrade organic wastewater.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2023.172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T19:50:52Z","timestamp":1686081052000},"page":"106-122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Treatment of coking wastewater using a needle coke electro-Fenton cathode: optimizing of COD, NH4+-N, and TOC removal and characterization of pollutants"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Chen","family":"Chi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"b Ansteel Mining Engineering Corporation, Anshan 114004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanqiu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China"},{"name":"c Engineering Research Center of Advanced Coal & Coking Technology and Efficient Utilization of Coal Resources, The Education Department of Liaoning Province, Anshan 114051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinfeng","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China"},{"name":"c Engineering Research Center of Advanced Coal & Coking Technology and Efficient Utilization of Coal Resources, The Education Department of Liaoning Province, Anshan 114051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuting","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianwen","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, 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