{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T06:55:44Z","timestamp":1779173744892,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52069010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52069010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p\/>\n               <jats:p>Urban flooding is becoming a significant urban epidemic in many nations throughout the world as a result of land use and climate change, and regular heavy rains. In this study, we choose to investigate the viability of Sponge City concepts for flood mitigation based on low impact development (LID) strategies in a 26.66 km2 area situated in Guinea's capital city of Conakry. The Storm Water Management Model (SWMM5) was used to simulate the impact of LID measures on the lowering of runoff peaks and node flooding. Simulation results before and after LID facilities are compared in order to understand how LID measures improve flood mitigation. The study showed that LID techniques effectively reduce runoff, which helps mitigate the effects of flooding. The study demonstrated that all LID, whether used singly or in combination, can lower runoff and flooding. However, when it comes to reducing runoff and flooding, LID-combinations perform better than individual LID implementations. For the five return periods (one, five, 20, 50, and 100 years), the LID-combination reduced runoff by 67.83, 65.02, 50.44, 40.18, and 35.88%, and reduced flooding by 85.32, 72.65, 54.05, 46.17, and 42.80%, respectively. Additionally, the reduction rate of overflow junctions is 100, 100, 80, 67, and 70%, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2023.251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T17:42:47Z","timestamp":1690998167000},"page":"901-921","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Study of the applicability of Sponge City concepts for flood mitigation based on LID (low impact development) measures: A case study in Conakry City, Republic of Guinea"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"88","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4678-9206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alhassane","family":"Bah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a Faculty of Electric Power Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhang","family":"Hongbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Faculty of Electric Power Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"b Key Laboratory of Water Ecology and Flow Structure Engineering, University of Yunnan, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8613-942X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alseny","family":"Bah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"c Merchant Marine College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Jufang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Faculty of Electric Power Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luo","family":"Zhumei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"d Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.251-1","unstructured":"Agency, United States Environmental Protection Agency 2010 Storm Water Management Model User's Manual Version 5.0. July, pp. 1\u2013295. Available from: http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/nrmrl\/wswrd\/wq\/models\/swmm\/epaswmm5_user_manual.pdf%5Cnpapers2:\/\/publication\/uuid\/95616E25-9C0F-4CB4-839D-2681F6D47266"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.251-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2016.01.036"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.251-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/w11010033"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.251-4","unstructured":"Cameron P. 2005 This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the information in books and make it universally accessible. Biologia Centrali-Americana 2, v\u2013413."},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.251-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000476"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.251-6","unstructured":"Cross R. & Niandankoro B. (2022). Emergency Plan of Action (EPoA) Guinea: Floods in Siguiri. The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent (IFRC) Disaster Relief Emergency Fund (DREF). Available from https:\/\/www.ifrc.org\/. pp. 1\u201321."},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.251-7","unstructured":"Federation T. I., Cross R., Crescent R., Relief D., Fund E., Cross R., Crescent R., Dref T., Federation I. & Societies N. 2012 DREF Final Report. Republic of Congo: Chikungunya Outbreak. The Situation, Red Cross and Red Crescent Action, Achievements Against Outcomes The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent (IFRC) Disaster Relief Emergency Fund (DREF). Available from https:\/\/www.ifrc.org\/."},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.251-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2023.010"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.251-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2019.0222"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.251-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2019.124069"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.251-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5004\/dwt.2020.25283"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.251-12","unstructured":"IFRC 2018 Emergency Plan of Action Operation Update Bangladesh: Floods. International Federation for Red Cross, October, pp. 1\u201319. Available from: www.ifrc.org"},{"issue":"13","key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.251-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.3390\/w13131721","article-title":"Urban flood management through urban land use optimization using LID techniques, City of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","volume":"13","author":"Jemberie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.251-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11783-017-0934-6"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.251-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/w14040591"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.251-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19443994.2012.664377"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.251-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15244\/pjoes\/109308"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.251-18","unstructured":"Mdrin D. 2016 DREF Final Report India: Floods. A. Situation Analysis. The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent (IFRC) Disaster Relief Emergency Fund (DREF). 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