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The study examined the effects of different operational parameters of the coupled ammonium distillation and struvite process (CADSP) on the composition of struvite crystals and the overall nutrient recovery rates. System inputs that were investigated included the feed:steam (F:S), alkalinity source, and urinary pH. Overall, the findings demonstrate that the composition of the struvite produced can be varied by adjusting the preceding distillation unit process. Low F:S distillation operations result in high ammonium distillation rates which coincided with increased formation of magnesium potassium phosphate (MPP) while higher F:S operations led to conditions favorable to magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) precipitation. Therefore, low energy distillation operations (high F:S) are more conducive to MAP formation and high phosphorus recovery rates while high energy operations (Iow F:S) are more conducive to MPP formation. Sodium-based alkalinity sources should also be avoided in instances of low ammonium concentrations in the struvite precipitation tank to minimize the co-precipitation of magnesium sodium phosphate (MSP) with MPP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2023.254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T13:25:48Z","timestamp":1691587548000},"page":"1074-1086","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Modulation of struvite composition in full-scale nutrient recovery system using source-separated urine"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"88","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7241-2743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziya Sing-guang","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kahui","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA"},{"name":"b Department of Toxic Substances Control, State of California, 8800 Cal Center Drive, Sacramento, CA 95827, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harold","family":"Leverenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.254-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clen.201100036"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.254-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b03555"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.254-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0248(00)00351-1","article-title":"Spontaneous precipitation of struvite from aqueous solutions","volume":"213","author":"Bouropoulos","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Crystal Growth"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.254-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6941.12437"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.254-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157574"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.254-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su131910730"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.254-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/JSWBAY.0000895"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.254-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/saj2.20065"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.254-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.123001"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.254-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2010.11.054"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.254-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.09.232"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.254-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.11.259"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.254-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2175\/106143015X14212658613884"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.254-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su14031082"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.254-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.1996.0420","article-title":"Separate management of anthropogenic nutrient solutions (human urine)","volume":"34","author":"Larsen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Water Science and Technology"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.254-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.123282"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.254-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09593332808618891"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2023.254-18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Legendre P. & Legendre L. 1998 Numerical Ecology, 2nd edn. 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