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In order to enhance sludge dewatering, the process of ultrasonic (US) cracking, chitosan (CTS) re-flocculation and sludge-based biochar (SBB) skeleton adsorption of water-holding substances to regulate sludge dewaterability was proposed. Based on the response surface method, the prediction model of the specific resistance to filtration (SRF) and sludge cake moisture content (MC) was established. The US cracking time and the dosage of CTS and SBB were optimized. The results showed that the optimal parameters of the three were 5.08 s, 10.1 mg\/g dry solids (DS) and 0.477 g\/g DS, respectively. Meantime, the SRF and MC were 5.4125 \u00d7 1011 m\/kg and 76.8123%, which significantly improved the sludge dewaterability. According to the variance analysis, it is found that the fitting degree of SRF and MC model is good, which also confirms that there is significant interaction and synergy between US, CTS and SBB, and the contribution of CTS and SBB is greater. Moreover, the process significantly improves the sludge's calorific value and makes its combustion more durable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2024.080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T16:15:21Z","timestamp":1710346521000},"page":"1630-1646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Response surface optimization of sludge dewatering process: synergistic enhancement by ultrasonic, chitosan and sludge-based biochar"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Yahong","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China"},{"name":"b Wenzhou Engineering Institute of Pump & Value, Lanzhou University of Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325105, 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