{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T06:22:40Z","timestamp":1778653360578,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017052","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China-Liaoning Joint Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NO.21978036;NO.52301078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NO.21978036;NO.52301078"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Major Science and Technology in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","award":["NO.2022A01002-4,NO.20223101904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NO.2022A01002-4,NO.20223101904"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p\/>\n               <jats:p>Efficient cathode regeneration is a significant challenge in the electrochemical water softening process. This work explores the use of an electroless plating Ni\u2013P\u2013PTFE electrode with low surface energy for this purpose. The Ni\u2013P\u2013PTFE electrode demonstrates improved self-cleaning performance at high current densities. By combining the low surface energy of the electrode with fluid flushing shear force, the precipitation rate on the Ni\u2013P\u2013PTFE electrode remains stable at approximately 18 g\/m2\u00b7h over extended periods of operation. Additionally, the cleaning efficiency of the Ni\u2013P\u2013PTFE electrode surpasses that of stainless steel by 66.34%. The Ni\u2013P\u2013PTFE electrode can maintain a larger active area and a longer operational lifespan is attributed to its self-cleaning performance derived from low surface energy. Furthermore, the loose scale layers on the electrode surface are easily removed during electrochemical water softening processes, presenting a novel approach to cathode surface design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2024.271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T09:02:40Z","timestamp":1722934960000},"page":"1210-1224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ni\u2013P\u2013PTFE cathode with low surface energy for enhancing electrochemical water softening performance"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Jingru","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lida","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China"},{"name":"b Chambroad Chemical Industry Research Institute Co., Ltd, Economic Development Zone, Boxing Country, Binzhou 256500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China"},{"name":"b Chambroad Chemical Industry Research Institute Co., Ltd, Economic Development Zone, Boxing Country, Binzhou 256500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengqing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuesong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piji","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"b Chambroad Chemical Industry Research Institute Co., Ltd, Economic Development Zone, Boxing Country, Binzhou 256500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jincheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"b Chambroad Chemical Industry Research Institute Co., Ltd, Economic Development Zone, Boxing Country, Binzhou 256500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guichang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China"},{"name":"b Chambroad Chemical Industry Research Institute Co., Ltd, Economic Development Zone, Boxing Country, Binzhou 256500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/1.1130609"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.133413"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2022.140926"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2019.04.056"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2012.09.015"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.06.014"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5004\/dwt.2011.2389"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2018.09.009"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43538-022-00096-z"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020199313115"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings12081199"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2013.01.008"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2020.117001"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41545-020-0078-2"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2019.01.054"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.3c00803"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/er.1599"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408347.2012.660067"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2509(97)00162-0"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01457632.2010.503108"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2014.12.026"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c03380"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2015.07.026"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cplett.2020.137502"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2018.01.066"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20964\/2017.06.30"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2012.02.069"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/1.1613294"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2023.125328"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.2c01012"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cey2.268"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2020.101433"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2021.132130"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2017.09.032"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12598-022-01967-6"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2016.03.033"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.8b00223"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.271-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2023.124494"}],"container-title":["Water Science &amp; Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article-pdf\/90\/4\/1210\/1470049\/wst2024271.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article-pdf\/90\/4\/1210\/1470049\/wst2024271.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]],"date-time":"2024-08-31T13:33:15Z","timestamp":1725111195000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article\/90\/4\/1210\/103997\/Ni-P-PTFE-cathode-with-low-surface-energy-for"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wst.2024.271","relation":{},"ISSN":["0273-1223","1996-9732"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0273-1223","type":"print"},{"value":"1996-9732","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]}}}