{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T13:39:13Z","timestamp":1740145153041,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p\/>\n               <jats:p>Environmental challenges in low-income countries, such as Haiti, persist due to inadequate sanitation infrastructure. This study assesses the environmental impacts of nine on-site sanitation systems to identify those with the least environmental impacts and explore improvement options. Nine scenarios were developed, each representing different systems for managing 1 ton of fecal sludge over 1 year. The \u2018Impact World + \u2019 and \u2018IPCC 2013 GWP 100a\u2019 methods evaluated impacts on ecosystems, human health, and climate change. Data sources included interviews, weighing records, and scientific publications. Results show that Scenario 8 (Flush Toilet \u2013 Evacuation \u2013 Planted Drying Beds) is most impactful on health (1.17 \u00d7 10\u22122 DALY), while Scenario 1 (Composting Toilet \u2013 Evacuation \u2013 Unplanted Drying Beds) is least impactful (1.77 \u00d7 10\u22123 DALY). For ecosystem impacts, Scenario 2 (Container-based Toilet \u2013 Evacuation \u2013 Planted Drying Beds) is most impactful (3.81 \u00d7 103 PDF\u00b7m2\u00b7year), while Scenario 6 (VIP latrine \u2013 Evacuation \u2013 Lagoons) is least impactful (3.52 \u00d7 103 PDF\u00b7m2\u00b7year). Key hotspots include toilet paper, wood shavings, GHG emissions, and water use. The study recommends an integrated approach combining environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) with life cycle cost assessment and social LCA for sustainable decision-making on sanitation systems in low-income countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2024.377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T11:21:17Z","timestamp":1731496877000},"page":"2842-2856","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative life cycle assessment of on-site sanitation systems using lagoons or drying beds for fecal sludge treatment in low-income tropical countries"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"90","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7935-7883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davidson","family":"Jean-Baptiste","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 \u00c9cole de technologie sup\u00e9rieure, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0952-1924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Monette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 \u00c9cole de technologie sup\u00e9rieure, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.377-1","DOI":"10.7763\/IJESD.2014.V5.548"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.377-2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2015.03.250"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.377-3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.03.229"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.377-4","first-page":"63","article-title":"La pauvret\u00e9, entre l'eau et le profit (Poverty, Between Water and Profit)","volume-title":"Eaux, Pauvret\u00e9 et Crises Sociales, Colloques et S\u00e9minaires","author":"Bouquet","year":"2013"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.377-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s11367-019-01583-0"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.377-6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111812"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.377-7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2005.10.023"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.377-8","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2015.018"},{"unstructured":"DINEPA, OIEau & UNICEF (2013) Fiche technique \u2013 Dispositions constructives pour une toilette \u00e0 fosse simple ventil\u00e9e: exemple de dispositif r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en Ha\u00efti (Technical Sheet \u2013 Construction Guidelines for a Ventilated Single-Pit Latrine: Example of a Device Implemented in Haiti), in: R\u00e9f\u00e9rentiel technique national EPA, R\u00e9publique d'Ha\u00efti\u202f: Fascicule technique. DINEPA, Ha\u00efti, pp. 1\u20137.","key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.377-9"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2024.377-10","first-page":"33","article-title":"Wastewater treatment facility of HIDECO sugar milling company (HISUMCO) In Kananga, Leyte Philippines: A Key to environmental management","volume":"2","author":"Egloso","year":"2015","journal-title":"IJARCS"},{"unstructured":"Fabulous toilettes (2016) Fabrication d'une toilette s\u00e8che (Manufacturing of a dry toilet). Fabulous Toilettes. 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(2019) Diagnostic de l'organisation et de la gouvernance du secteur de l'Eau Potable et de l'Assainissement Ha\u00eftien (Diagnostic of the Organization and Governance of the Haitian Drinking Water and Sanitation Sector). Master's thesis. 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