{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T17:28:17Z","timestamp":1771003697375,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"IWA Publishing","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023938","name":"City of Calgary","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023938","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iwaponline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Catch basins (CBs) are essential components of urban stormwater infrastructure by trapping sediments and contaminants from street runoff. However, poor maintenance can lead to sediment buildup, increasing the risk of urban flooding and downstream water pollution. This study investigates sediment characteristics and accumulation in CBs and proposes an evidence-based cleaning strategy through a field study in Calgary, Alberta, across 28 CBs in 2023 and 2024. The results indicate that sediment accumulation rates and metal concentrations vary with land use, being higher in CBs near houses and roads than in those near grassed areas. Sediment composition and metal concentrations exhibit vertical stratification, with smaller particles (i.e., clay and silt) having higher metal concentrations in the bottom layers, while larger particles form an armoring layer at the surface. This segregation, together with the armoring layer, helps to protect metal-rich small particles from scouring during storm events, potentially reducing the release of pollutants. Sediment scour analysis reveals a sharp increase in scour when the free depth ratio \u2013 the distance from the sediment surface to the CB lead (i.e., outlet pipe) invert divided by the CB diameter \u2013 falls below 0.2. Therefore, CBs should be cleaned when this ratio approaches 0.2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2026.215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T16:07:43Z","timestamp":1770653263000},"page":"346-367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/iwapcrossmarkpolicypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sediment characteristics and accumulation in catch basins: a case study in Calgary, Canada"],"prefix":"10.2166","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Run","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7714-0373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David Z.","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada"},{"name":"b School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ningbo University, Zhejiang 315211, Ningbo, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dave","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada"},{"name":"c College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bert","family":"van Duin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada"},{"name":"d City and Regional Planning, City of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2P 2M5, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"945","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.115988"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-2","unstructured":"Alberta Environmental Protection (1999) Surface Water Quality Guidelines for use in Alberta. Government of Alberta. Edmonton, AB, Canada: Alberta Environment (Government of Alberta). Available at: https:\/\/open.alberta.ca\/dataset\/e0074537-88f6-4cc4-af5c-808161fa9af8\/resource\/ea13d7b1-c155-4fad-8b85-4f12443352f2\/download\/5713.pdf (Accessed 18th September 2025)."},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-3","volume-title":"Solids in Sewers","author":"Ashley","year":"2004"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000183"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-5","volume-title":"Urban Drainage","author":"Butler","year":"2018","edition":"4"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-6","volume-title":"Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines","author":"Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment","year":"2002"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000556"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10807030500538005"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-30062-1"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000544"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2010.01.036"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9372(2008)134:10(870)"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001122"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.flowmeasinst.2016.10.007"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(02)00056-6"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.1995.0239"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-17","unstructured":"National Research Council Canada (2024) City of Calgary Catch Basin Performance Study (Report No. NRC-OCRE-2024-TR-033). Ottawa, ON, Canada, National Research Council Canada. Ocean, Coastal, and River Engineering Research Centre."},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-020-0384-z"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1694(02)00059-8"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001215"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000427"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-22","first-page":"1","article-title":"Catch basins and inserts for the control of gross solids and conventional stormwater pollutants","volume-title":"Critical Transitions in Water and Environmental Resources Management","author":"Pitt","year":"2004"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.10.021"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15732479.2016.1260602"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00221686.2011.637821"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1573062X.2020.1823430"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1573062X.2020.1800760"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2005.0330"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/w8010017"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00696834"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-31","unstructured":"Tang Y. (2020) Sediment Movement in Storm Sewer Systems. PhD Dissertation, University of Alberta, Canada."},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2016.448"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2011.715"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-34","unstructured":"The City of Calgary (2011) Storm Management and Design Manual. AB, Canada, Calgary. Available at: http:\/\/www.calgary.ca\/PDA\/pd\/Documents\/urban_development\/bulletins\/2011-stormwater-management-and-Design.pdf (Accessed 18th December 2024)."},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-35","unstructured":"The City of Calgary (2024) Climate Projections for Calgary. Calgary. Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. Available at: https:\/\/www.calgary.ca\/content\/dam\/www\/uep\/esm\/documents\/climate-projections-calgary-2024.pdf (Accessed 18th June 2025)."},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-36","volume-title":"Standard Specifications Sewer Construction","author":"The City of Calgary","year":"2025"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-37","unstructured":"Van Rijn L. C. (2020) Literature review of critical bed-shear stresses for mud-sand mixtures. Technical Note. Available at: www. Leovanrijn-sediment. Com."},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2020.111911"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2023.119336"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2024.121467"},{"key":"key-10.2166\/wst.2026.215-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2022.329"}],"container-title":["Water Science &amp; Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article-pdf\/93\/3\/346\/1606583\/wst2026215.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article-pdf\/93\/3\/346\/1606583\/wst2026215.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T16:37:09Z","timestamp":1771000629000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article\/93\/3\/346\/110810\/Sediment-characteristics-and-accumulation-in-catch"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wst.2026.215","relation":{},"ISSN":["0273-1223","1996-9732"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0273-1223","type":"print"},{"value":"1996-9732","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]}}}