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Textbook of Hematology, Revised 3rd ed. Japanese Society of Hematology, Ed. Nankodo, Tokyo, 2018 (in Japanese)."},{"key":"2","unstructured":"2. World Health Organization. Anemia [Internet]. [cited 2024 Sep 9]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/anaemia"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Agnihotri P, Telfer M, Butt Z, et al. Chronic anemia and fatigue in elderly patients: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover exploratory study with epoetin alfa. J Am Geriatr Soc 55: 1557-1565, 2007.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2007.01357.x"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Thein M, Ershler WB, Artz AS, et al. Diminished quality of life and physical function in community-dwelling elderly with anemia. Medicine (Baltimore) 88: 107-114, 2009.","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e31819d89d5"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Beard CM, Kokmen E, O'Brien PC, An\u00eda BJ, Melton LJ 3rd. Risk of Alzheimer's disease among elderly patients with anemia: population-based investigations in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Ann Epidemiol 7: 219-224, 1997.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(97)00015-X"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Joosten E, Lemiengre J, Nelis T, Verbeke G, Milisen K. Is anaemia a risk factor for delirium in an acute geriatric population? Gerontology 52: 382-385, 2006.","DOI":"10.1159\/000095126"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Dharmarajan TS, Norkus EP. Mild anemia and the risk of falls in older adults from nursing homes and the community. J Am Med Dir Assoc 5: 395-400, 2004.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1525-8610(04)70008-0"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Kikuchi M, Inagaki T, Shinagawa N. Five-year survival of older people with anemia: variation with hemoglobin concentration. J Am Geriatr Soc 49: 1226-1228, 2001.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2001.49241.x"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Chaves PHM, Xue Q, Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L, Volpato S, Fried LP. What constitutes normal hemoglobin concentration in community-dwelling disabled older women? J Am Geriatr Soc 52: 1811-1816, 2004.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2004.52502.x"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Zakai NA, Katz R, Hirsch C, et al. A prospective study of anemia status, hemoglobin concentration, and mortality in an elderly cohort: the cardiovascular health study. Arch Intern Med 165: 2214-2220, 2005.","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.19.2214"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Chaves PHM, Ashar B, Guralnik JM, Fried LP. Looking at the relationship between hemoglobin concentration and prevalent mobility difficulty in older women. should the criteria currently used to define anemia in older people be reevaluated? J Am Geriatr Soc 50: 1257-1264, 2002.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2002.50313.x"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Penninx BW, Pahor M, Cesari M, et al. Anemia is associated with disability and decreased physical performance and muscle strength in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc 52: 719-724, 2004.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2004.52208.x"},{"key":"13","unstructured":"13. Bross MH, Soch K, Smith-Knuppel T. Anemia in older persons. Am Fam Physician 82: 480-487, 2010."},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"14. Guralnik JM, Eisenstaedt RS, Ferrucci L, Klein HG, Woodman RC. Prevalence of anemia in persons 65 years and older in the United States: evidence for a high rate of unexplained anemia. Blood 104: 2263-2268, 2004.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-05-1812"},{"key":"15","unstructured":"15. Report of the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2019. Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 2020 (in Japanese)."},{"key":"16","unstructured":"16. Nutritional anaemias. Report of a WHO scientific group. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 405: 5-37, 1968."},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"17. Beutler E, Waalen J. The definition of anemia: what is the lower limit of normal of the blood hemoglobin concentration? Blood 107: 1747-1750, 2006.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-07-3046"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Shirakura T, Murai Y, Takeda T, Mori T. Changes of peripheral blood figures and erythropoiesis in the aged. Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi (Jpn J Geriatrics) 15: 151-157, 1978 (in Japanese).","DOI":"10.3143\/geriatrics.15.151"},{"key":"19","unstructured":"19. Miyakoshi S. Anemia in the Elderly. Pharma Medica 39: 53-56, 2021 (in Japanese)."},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Narita M. Evaluation and classification of anemia. Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi (J Jpn Soc Intern Med) 104: 1375-1382, 2015 (in Japanese).","DOI":"10.2169\/naika.104.1375"},{"key":"21","unstructured":"21. Evidence-Based CKD Clinical Practice Guidelines 2009. Japanese Society of Nephrology, Ed. Tokyo Igakusha, Tokyo, 2009: 905-1122 (in Japanese)."},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Kusumi E, Shoji M, Endou S, et al. Prevalence of anemia among healthy women in 2 metropolitan areas of Japan. Int J Hematol 84: 217-219, 2006.","DOI":"10.1532\/IJH97.06097"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"23. Pasricha SR, Tye-Din J, Muckenthaler MU, Swinkels DW. Iron deficiency. Lancet 397: 233-248, 2021.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32594-0"},{"key":"24","unstructured":"24. World Health Organization. Indicators of the iron status of populations: red blood cell parameters [Internet]. [cited 2024 Sep 9]. 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