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The American Thoracic Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 171: 388-416, 2005.","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200405-644ST"},{"key":"2","unstructured":"2. Kollef MH, Shorr A, Ying P, et al. Epidemiology and outcomes of health-care-associated pneumonia: results from a large US database of culture-positive pneumonia. Chest 128: 3854-3862, 2005."},{"key":"3","unstructured":"3. Carratal&agrave; J, Mykietiuk A, Fern&aacute;ndez-Sabe N, et al. Health care-associated pneumonia requiring hospital admission: epidemiology, antibiotic therapy and clinical outcomes. Arch Intern Med 167: 1393-1399, 2007."},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Venditti M, Falcone M, Corrao S, et al. Outcomes of patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia, health care-associated pneumonia, and hospital-acquired pneumonia. 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Healthcare-associated pneumonia is a heterogeneous disease, and all patients do not need the same broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy as complex nosocomial pneumonia. Curr Opin Infect Dis 22: 316-325, 2009.","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e328329fa4e"},{"key":"9","unstructured":"9. The Japanese Respiratory Society. Guidelines for the management of nursing and healthcare-associated pneumonia. The Japanese Respiratory Society. Tokyo, 2011: 1-39 (in Japanese)."},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Oken MM, Creech RH, Tormey DC, et al. Toxicity and response criteria of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Am J Clin Oncol 5: 649-655, 1982.","DOI":"10.1097\/00000421-198212000-00014"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Fine MJ, Auble TE, Yealy DM, et al. A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med 336: 243-250, 1997.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199701233360402"},{"key":"12","unstructured":"12. The organizing committee of the Japan Study Group on Aspiration Pulmonary Diseases. Guidelines for aspiration pulmonary diseases. The Japan Study Group on Aspiration Pulmonary Diseases. Pfizer, Tokyo, 2003: 9-14 (in Japanese)."},{"key":"13","unstructured":"13. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Economic survey of Japan 2009: health-care reform in Japan: controlling costs, improving quality. 2009. http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/document\/5\/0,3746,en_2649_34587_43791173_1_1_1_1,00.html"},{"key":"14","unstructured":"14. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Monthly report of long-term care insurance provision. 2011. http:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/toukei\/saikin\/hw\/kaigo\/kyufu\/2011\/07.html (in Japanese)."},{"key":"15","unstructured":"15. Fukuyama H, Ishida T, Tachibana H, et al. Clinical evaluation of bedridden patients with pneumonia receiving home health care. Nihon Kyobu Gakkai Zasshi 48: 906-911, 2010 (in Japanese, Abstract in English)."},{"key":"16","unstructured":"16. Rello J, Luj&aacute;n M, Gallego M, et al. Why mortality is increased in health-care-associated pneumonia: lessons from pneumococcal bacteremic pneumonia. Chest 137: 1138-1144, 2010."},{"key":"17","unstructured":"17. Micek ST, Kollef KE, Reichley RM, et al. Health care-associated pneumonia and community-acquired pneumonia: a single-center experience. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51: 3568-3573, 2007."},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Ewig S, Welte T, Chastre J, et al. Re-thinking the concepts of community-acquired pneumonia and health-care-associated pneumonia. Lancet Infect Dis 10: 279-287, 2010.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70032-3"},{"key":"19","unstructured":"19. Pick N, Mcdonald A, Bennett N, et al. Pulmonary aspiration in a long-term care setting: clinical and laboratory observations and analysis of risk factors. J Am Geriatr Soc 44: 763-768, 1996."},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Teramoto S, Kawashima M, Komiya K, et al. Health-care-associated pneumonia is primarily due to aspiration pneumonia. Chest 136: 1702-1703, 2009.","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-1204"},{"key":"21","unstructured":"21. Polverino E, Dambrava P, Cill&oacute;niz, et al. Nursing home-acquired pneumonia: a 10 year single-center experience. Thorax 65: 354-359, 2010."},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Shorr AF, Haque N, Taneja C, et al. Clinical and economic outcomes for patients with health care-associated <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> pneumonia. J Clin Microbiol 48: 3258-3262, 2010.","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02529-09"},{"key":"23","unstructured":"23. Attridge RT, Frei CR. Health care-associated pneumonia: an evidence-based review. Am J Med 124: 689-697, 2011."},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Attridge RT, Frei CR, Restrepo MI, et al. Guideline-concordant therapy and outcomes in healthcare-associated pneumonia. 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