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Pons-Estel GJ, Serrano R, Plasín MA, Espinosa G, Cervera R. Epidemiology and management of refractory lupus nephritis. Autoimmun Rev 10: 655-663, 2011.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2011.04.032"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Austin HA 3rd, Klippel JH, Balow JE, et al. Therapy of lupus nephritis. Controlled trial of prednisone and cytotoxic drugs. N Engl J Med 314: 614-619, 1986.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198603063141004"},{"key":"3","unstructured":"3. Houssiau FA, Vasconcelos C, D'Cruz D, et al. Immunosuppressive therapy in lupus nephritis: the Euro-Lupus Nephritis Trial, a randomized trial of low-dose versus high-dose intravenous cyclophosphamide. Arthritis Rheum 46: 2121-2131, 2002."},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Yokoyama H, Wada T, Hara A, et al. The outcome and a new ISN\/RPS 2003 classification of lupus nephritis in Japanese. Kidney Int 66: 2382-2388, 2004.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.66027.x"},{"key":"5","unstructured":"5. Borchers AT, Leibushor N, Naguwa SM, Cheema GS, Shoenfeld Y, Gershwin ME. Lupus nephritis: A critical review. Autoimmun Rev 12: 174-194, 2012."},{"key":"6","unstructured":"6. Tesar V, Hruskova Z. Treatment of proliferative lupus nephritis: a slowly changing landscape. Nat Rev Nephrol 7: 96-109, 2011."},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Bao H, Liu ZH, Xie HL, Hu WX, Zhang HT, Li LS. Successful treatment of class V + IV lupus nephritis with multitarget therapy. J Am Soc Nephrol 19: 2001-2010, 2008.","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007121272"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Nomura A, Shimizu H, Kishimoto M, et al. Efficacy and safety of multitarget therapy with mizoribine and tacrolimus for systemic lupus erythematosus with or without active nephritis. Lupus 21: 1444-1449, 2012.","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203312458468"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Kagawa H, Hiromasa T, Hara T, et al. Mizoribine, tacrolimus, and corticosteroid combination therapy successfully induces remission in patients with lupus nephritis. Clin Exp Nephrol 16: 760-766, 2012.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-012-0632-4"},{"key":"10","unstructured":"10. Miyasaka N, Kawai S, Hashimoto H. Efficacy and safety of tacrolimus for lupus nephritis: a placebo-controlled double-blind multicenter study. Mod Rheumatol 19: 606-615, 2009."},{"key":"11","unstructured":"11. Lee YH, Lee HS, Choi SJ, Dai Ji J, Song GG. Efficacy and safety of tacrolimus therapy for lupus nephritis: a systematic review of clinical trials. Lupus 20: 636-640, 2011."},{"key":"12","unstructured":"12. Wang S, Li X, Qu L, et al. Tacrolimus versus cyclophosphamide as treatment for diffuse proliferative or membranous lupus nephritis: a non-randomized prospective cohort study. Lupus 21: 1025-1035, 2012."},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Weening JJ, D'Agati VD, Schwartz MM, et al. The classification of glomerulonephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus revisited. J Am Soc Nephrol 15: 241-250, 2004.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000108969.21691.5D"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Weening JJ, D'Agati VD, Schwartz MM, et al. The classification of glomerulonephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus revisited. Kidney Int 65: 521-530, 2004.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00443.x"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Ogawa H, Kameda H, Amano K, Takeuchi T. Efficacy and safety of cyclosporine A in patients with refractory systemic lupus erythematosus in a daily clinical practice. Lupus 19: 162-169, 2010.","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203309350320"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Nishi E, Kameda H, Ogawa H, et al. Efficacy of weekly mizoribine pulse therapy in refractory lupus nephritis. 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Randomized controlled trial of pulse intravenous cyclophosphamide versus mycophenolate mofetil in the induction therapy of proliferative lupus nephritis. Nephrology 10: 504-510, 2005.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2005.00444.x"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Appel GB, Contreras G, Dooley MA, et al. Mycophenolate mofetil versus cyclophosphamide for induction treatment of lupus nephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 20: 1103-1112, 2009.","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008101028"},{"key":"22","unstructured":"22. Kawai S, Hashimoto H, Kondo H, Murayama T, Kiuchi T, Abe T. Comparison of tacrolimus and mizoribine in a randomized, double-blind controlled study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 33: 2153-2161, 2006."},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Li X, Ren H, Zhang Q, et al. Mycophenolate mofetil or tacrolimus compared with intravenous cyclophosphamide in the induction treatment for active lupus nephritis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 27: 1467-1472, 2012.","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfr484"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Yap DY, Yu X, Chen XM, et al. Pilot 24 month study to compare mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus in the treatment of membranous lupus nephritis with nephrotic syndrome. Nephrology 17: 352-357, 2012.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2012.01574.x"},{"key":"25","unstructured":"25. Chen W, Tang X, Liu Q, et al. Short-term outcomes of induction therapy with tacrolimus versus cyclophosphamide for active lupus nephritis: A multicenter randomized clinical trial. Am J Kidney Dis 57: 235-244, 2011."},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26. Sloan RP, Schwartz MM, Korbet SM, Borok RZ. Long-term outcome in systemic lupus erythematosus membranous glomerulonephritis. Lupus Nephritis Collaborative Study Group. J Am Soc Nephrol 7: 299-305, 1996.","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V72299"},{"key":"27","unstructured":"27. Zhang HT, Hu WX, Xie HL, et al. Randomized controlled trail of tacrolimus versus intravenous cyclophosphamide in the induction therapy of class V plus IV lupus nephritis. Chin Nephrol Dial Transplant 15: 508-514, 2006."},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28. Faul C, Donnelly M, Merscher-Gomez S, et al. The actin cytoskeleton of kidney podocytes is a direct target of the antiproteinuric effect of cyclosporine A. Nat Med 14: 931-938, 2008.","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1857"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29. Suzuki K, Saito K, Tsujimura S, et al. Tacrolimus, a calcineurin inhibitor, overcomes treatment unresponsiveness mediated by P-glycoprotein on lymphocytes in refractory rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 37: 512-520, 2010.","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.090048"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30. Kanda H, Kubo K, Tateishi S, et al. Antiproteinuric effect of ARB in lupus nephritis patients with persistent proteinuria despite immunosuppressive therapy. 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