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Yang JD, Hainaut P, Gores GJ, Amadou A, Plymoth A, Roberts LR. A global view of hepatocellular carcinoma: trends, risk, prevention and management. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 16: 589-604, 2019."},{"key":"2","unstructured":"2. Ferlay J, Colombet M, Soerjomataram I, et al. Estimating the global cancer incidence and mortality in 2018: GLOBOCAN sources and methods. Int J Cancer 144: 1941-1953, 2019."},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Yoshida H, Mamada Y, Taniai N, Uchida E. Spontaneous ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res 46: 13-21, 2016.","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12498"},{"key":"4","unstructured":"4. Moris D, Chakedis J, Sun SH, et al. Management, outcomes, and prognostic factors of ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review. J Surg Oncol 117: 341-353, 2018."},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.216.3.r00se24698","volume":"216","author":"S Katyal","year":"2000","unstructured":"5. 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Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi 90: 342-6, 1999."},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Ishikawa T, Kohno T, Teratani T, Omata M. Thoracoscopic radiofrequency ablation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma above the diaphragm associated with intractable hemothorax. Endoscopy 34: 843, 2002.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-34268"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Shiozawa K, Fushida S, Tani T, Ishii K, Shimizu K, Miwa K. A case of hemothorax secondary to rupture of mediastinal lymph node metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Jpn Surg Assoc 64: 1358-1361, 2003 (in Japanese).","DOI":"10.3919\/jjsa.64.1358"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Wei YF, Wang HC, Chang YC. Hemothorax due to metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma presenting with massive hemoptysis. J Formos Med Assoc 105: 346-8, 2006.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-6646(09)60127-3"},{"key":"23","unstructured":"23. Ono F, Hiraga M, Omura N, et al. Hemothorax caused by spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature. World J Surg Oncol 10: 215, 2012."},{"key":"24","unstructured":"24. Oh SY, Seo KW, Jegal Y, et al. Hemothorax caused by spontaneous rupture of a metastatic mediastinal lymph node in hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report. Korean J Intern Med 28: 622-625, 2013."},{"key":"25","unstructured":"25. Sekiya Y, Yamada H, Yoshitsugu M, Ihori M, Takemura T. An autopsy case of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with right hemothorax from spontaneous rupture of the rib metastasis. Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 89: 1310-1313, 1992 (in Japanese)."},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26. Sohara N, Takagi H, Yamada T, Abe T, Mori M. Hepatocellular carcinoma complicated by hemothorax. J Gastroenterol 35: 240-244, 2000.","DOI":"10.1007\/s005350050337"},{"key":"27","unstructured":"27. Kanou S, Yamada T, Hiramatsu N, et al. A case of hepatocellular carcinoma with direct invasion into the pleural cavity presenting as hemorrhage achieved hemostasis with intra-arterial injection of ethanol. Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 93: 753-757, 1996 (in Japanese)."},{"key":"28","unstructured":"28. Senthilnathan S, Memon K, Lewandowski RJ, et al. Extrahepatic metastases occur in a minority of hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with locoregional therapies: analyzing patterns of progression in 285 patients. 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