{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T20:38:31Z","timestamp":1788554311945,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Japanese Society of Internal Medicine","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intern. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]]},"DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.6436-20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]],"date-time":"2021-09-24T22:08:06Z","timestamp":1632521286000},"page":"1271-1278","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Fatal Disseminated Tuberculosis and Concurrent Disseminated Cryptococcosis in a Ruxolitinib-treated Patient with Primary Myelofibrosis: A Case Report and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.2169","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Asuka","family":"Ogai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keiyu Hospital, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuma","family":"Yagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keiyu Hospital, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumimaro","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keiyu Hospital, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideharu","family":"Domoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Keiyu Hospital, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Shiomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keiyu Hospital, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenko","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keiyu Hospital, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"962","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"1. Cervantes F, Vannucchi AM, Kiladjian JJ, et al.; COMFORT-II investigators. Three-year efficacy, safety, and survival findings from COMFORT-II, a phase 3 study comparing ruxolitinib with best available therapy for myelofibrosis. Blood 122: 4047-4053, 2013.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-02-485888"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Harrison C, Kiladjian JJ, Al-Ali HK, et al. JAK inhibition with ruxolitinib versus best available therapy for myelofibrosis. N Engl J Med 366: 787-798, 2012.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1110556"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Deisseroth A, Kaminskas E, Grillo J, et al. U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval: ruxolitinib for the treatment of patients with intermediate and high-risk myelofibrosis. Clin Cancer Res 18: 3212-3217, 2012.","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-12-0653"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Verstovsek S, Mesa RA, Gotlib J, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of ruxolitinib for myelofibrosis. N Engl J Med 366: 799-807, 2012.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1110557"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"5. Baxter EJ, Scott LM, Campbell PJ, et al. Acquired mutation of the tyrosine kinase JAK2 in human myeloproliferative disorders. Lancet 365: 1054-1061, 2005.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71142-9"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Elli EM, Barate C, Mendicino F, Palandri F, Palumbo GA. Mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activity of ruxolitinib. Front Oncol 9: 1186, 2019.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.01186"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Harrison CN, Vannucchi AM, Kiladjian JJ, et al. Long-term findings from COMFORT-II, a phase 3 study of ruxolitinib vs best available therapy for myelofibrosis. Leukemia 30: 1701-1707, 2016.","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2016.148"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. McLornan DP, Khan AA, Harrison CN. Immunological consequences of JAK inhibition: friend or foe? Curr Hematol Malig Rep 10: 370-379, 2015.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11899-015-0284-z"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"9. Heine A, Held SA, Daecke SN, et al. The JAK-inhibitor ruxolitinib impairs dendritic cell function in vitro and in vivo. Blood 122: 1192-1202, 2013.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-03-484642"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Parampalli Yajnanarayana S, St\u00fcbig T, Cornez I, et al. JAK1\/2 inhibition impairs T cell function in vitro and in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. Br J Haematol 169: 824-833, 2015.","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13373"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Colomba C, Rubino R, Siracusa L, et al. Disseminated tuberculosis in a patient treated with a JAK2 selective inhibitor: a case report. BMC Res Notes 5: 2012.","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-5-552"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Hopman RK, Lawrence SJ, Oh ST. Disseminated tuberculosis associated with ruxolitinib. Leukemia 28: 1750-1751, 2014.","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2014.104"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Shamil E, Cunningham D, Wong BL, Jani P. Ruxolitinib associated tuberculosis presenting as a neck lump. Case Rep Infect Dis 2015: 284168, 2015.","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/284168"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Branco B, Metsu D, Dutertre M, et al. Use of rifampin for treatment of disseminated tuberculosis in a patient with primary myelofibrosis on ruxolitinib. Ann Hematol 95: 1207-1209, 2016.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-016-2684-0"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Abidi MZ, Haque J, Varma P, et al. Reactivation of pulmonary tuberculosis following treatment of myelofibrosis with ruxolitinib. Case Rep Hematol 2016: 2389038, 2016.","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2389038"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Tsukamoto Y, Kiyasu J, Tsuda M, et al. Fatal disseminated tuberculosis during treatment with ruxolitinib plus prednisolone in a patient with primary myelofibrosis: a case report and review of the literature. Intern Med 57: 1297-1300, 2018.","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.9165-17"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Lescuyer S, Ledoux MP, Gravier S, et al. Tuberculosis and atypical mycobacterial infections in ruxolitinib-treated patients with primary or secondary myelofibrosis or polycythemia vera. Int J Infect Dis 80: 134-136, 2019.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2019.01.002"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"18. Hirai N, Kasahara K, Yoshihara S, et al. Necessity to screen and treat latent tuberculosis before ruxolitinib treatment - Ruxolitinib-associated disseminated tuberculosis: a case report and literature review. IDCases 21: e00892, 2020.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idcr.2020.e00892"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Wysham NG, Sullivan DR, Allada G. An opportunistic infection associated with ruxolitinib, a novel janus kinase 1,2 inhibitor. Chest 143: 1478-1479, 2013.","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-1604"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Chen CC, Chen YY, Huang CE. Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis associated with the long-term use of ruxolitinib. Ann Hematol 95: 361-362, 2016.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-015-2532-7"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Hirano A, Yamasaki M, Saito N, et al. Pulmonary cryptococcosis in a ruxolitinib-treated patient with primary myelofibrosis. Respir Med Case Rep 22: 87-90, 2017.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmcr.2017.06.015"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Dioverti MV, Abu Saleh OM, Tande AJ. Infectious complications in patients on treatment with Ruxolitinib: case report and review of the literature. Infect Dis (Lond) 50: 381-387, 2018.","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2017.1390248"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Prakash K, Richman D. A case report of disseminated histoplasmosis and concurrent cryptococcal meningitis in a patient treated with ruxolitinib. BMC Infect Dis 19: 287, 2019.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-3922-6"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Tsukui D, Fujita H, Suzuki K, Hirata K. A case report of cryptococcal meningitis associated with ruxolitinib. Medicine (Baltimore) 99: e19587, 2020.","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000019587"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Harrison CN, Vannucchi AM, Kiladjian JJ, et al. Erratum: Long-term findings from COMFORT-II, a phase 3 study of ruxolitinib vs best available therapy for myelofibrosis. Leukemia 31: 775, 2017.","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2016.323"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26. Godbole G, Gant V. Respiratory tract infections in the immunocompromised. Curr Opin Pulm Med 19: 244-250, 2013.","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e32835f82a9"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27. Kuroda A, Tasaka S, Yagi K, et al. A case of disseminated cryptococcal infection and concurrent lung tuberculosis in a patient under steroid therapy for interstitial pneumonia. Case Rep Pulmonol 2015: 358926, 2015.","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/358926"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28. Kahn FW, England DM, Jones JM. Solitary pulmonary nodule due to Cryptococcus neoformans and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Am J Med 78: 677-681, 1985.","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(85)90413-9"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29. Van Tongeren L, Shaipanich T, Fleetham JA. Coinfection with <i>Cryptococcus gattii<\/i> and <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i> in an otherwise healthy 18-year-old woman. Can Respir J 18: e62-e63, 2011.","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/812345"},{"key":"30","unstructured":"30. Thomas R, Christopher DJ, Balamugesh T, James P, Thomas M. Endobronchial pulmonary cryptococcosis and tuberculosis in an immunocompetent host. Singapore Med J 53: e32-e34, 2012."},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31. Kakeya H, Izumikawa K, Yamada K, et al. Three cases of concurrent infection with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i> and <i>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/i>. Intern Med 53: 1685-1692, 2014.","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.53.1281"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"32. Passamonti F, Cervantes F, Vannucchi AM, et al. A dynamic prognostic model to predict survival in primary myelofibrosis: a study by the IWG-MRT (International Working Group for Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Research and Treatment). Blood 115: 1703-1708, 2010.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-09-245837"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33. Gangat N, Caramazza D, Vaidya R, et al. DIPSS plus: a refined Dynamic International Prognostic Scoring System for primary myelofibrosis that incorporates prognostic information from karyotype, platelet count, and transfusion status. J Clin Oncol 29: 392-397, 2011.","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.32.2446"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34. Ostojic A, Vrhovac R, Verstovsek S. Ruxolitinib for the treatment of myelofibrosis: its clinical potential. Ther Clin Risk Manag 8: 95-103, 2012.","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S23277"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35. Nagrajan S, Gugnani HC, Kowshik T. Case report. Meningitis due to <i>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/i> var. <i>neoformans<\/i> serotype AD associated with pulmonary tuberculosis. Mycoses 43: 67-69, 2000.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0507.2000.00544.x"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"36. Bottasso O, Bay ML, Besedovsky H, del Rey A. Immunoendocrine alterations during human tuberculosis as an integrated view of disease pathology. Neuroimmunomodulation 16: 68-77, 2009.","DOI":"10.1159\/000180261"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"37. Flynn JL, Goldstein MM, Chan J, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha is required in the protective immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice. Immunity 2: 561-572, 1995.","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-7613(95)90001-2"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38. Huffnagle GB, Chen GH, Curtis JL, McDonald RA, Strieter RM, Toews GB. Down-regulation of the afferent phase of T cell-mediated pulmonary inflammation and immunity by a high melanin-producing strain of Cryptococcus neoformans. J Immunol 155: 3507-3516, 1995.","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.7.3507"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39. Saposnik G, Redelmeier D, Ruff CC, Tobler PN. Cognitive biases associated with medical decisions: a systematic review. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 16: 138, 2016.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-016-0377-1"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"40. Xie LX, Chen YS, Liu SY, Shi YX. Pulmonary cryptococcosis: comparison of CT findings in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. Acta Radiol 56: 447-453, 2015.","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185114529105"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"41. Zavala S, Baddley JW. Cryptococcosis. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 41: 69-79, 2020.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-3400280"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"42. Perfect JR, Dismukes WE, Dromer F, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease: 2010 update by the infectious diseases society of america. Clin Infect Dis 50: 291-322, 2010.","DOI":"10.1086\/649858"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"43. Khoury MB, Godwin JD, Ravin CE, Gallis HA, Halvorsen RA, Putman CE. Thoracic cryptococcosis: immunologic competence and radiologic appearance. AJR Am J Roentgenol 142: 893-896, 1984.","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.142.5.893"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"44. Kishi K, Homma S, Kurosaki A, Kohno T, Motoi N, Yoshimura K. Clinical features and high-resolution CT findings of pulmonary cryptococcosis in non-AIDS patients. Respir Med 100: 807-812, 2006.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2005.09.017"}],"container-title":["Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/internalmedicine\/61\/8\/61_6436-20\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T03:25:08Z","timestamp":1673321108000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/internalmedicine\/61\/8\/61_6436-20\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2169\/internalmedicine.6436-20","relation":{},"ISSN":["0918-2918","1349-7235"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0918-2918","type":"print"},{"value":"1349-7235","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]]},"article-number":"6436-20"}}