{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T07:10:50Z","timestamp":1779347450464,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","content-domain":{"domain":["eurekaselect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CPD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Depression involves neurotransmitter imbalance, HPA axis dysfunction, neuroinflammation,\nand impaired neuroplasticity. The limitations of SSRIs and SNRIs have prompted interest in plant-\nderived alternatives. Tamarindus indica Linn. fruit pulp (TIL-P) contains bioactive compounds with antioxidant,\nanti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties, yet its antidepressant potential is underexplored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Water and ethanol extracts were analyzed for phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin content.\nElectrochemical activity was assessed via Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs). Network pharmacology identified depression-\nrelated targets, and molecular docking evaluated interactions with key proteins, using fluoxetine as a\ncontrol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Water extract yielded a higher extraction efficiency (28.48%) than ethanol extract (17.34%). Ethanol\nextract had significantly higher flavonoid content, whereas water extract was richer in condensed tannins.\nMFC analysis showed the water extract at 2000 ppm had the highest amplification factor (1.51), while ethanol\nextract activity plateaued beyond 1000 ppm, likely due to organic acid\u2013related bacterial growth inhibition. Network\npharmacology identified nine hub genes (GAPDH, EGFR, CTNNB1, IL1B, ALB, SRC, TP53, TNF, AKT1)\nlinked to depressive disorder pathways. Molecular docking revealed that catechin, cyanidin, and Pyran-4-\none,2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl displayed strong binding affinities with ALB and EGFR, in some cases\nexceeding fluoxetine, indicating potential multi-target antidepressant effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The combined electrochemical, phytochemical, and in silico results suggest that TIL-P contains\npolyphenolic compounds capable of modulating neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neurotransmitter-related\nsignaling mechanistic pathways central to depression pathophysiology. Water extracts appeared more favorable\nfor maximizing electrochemical activity, while ethanol extracts enriched flavonoids with strong docking\naffinities. These complementary solvent profiles highlight the potential of dual-extraction approaches to\nharness both tannin- and flavonoid-rich fractions for synergistic antidepressant effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TIL-P, particularly its water-extracted polyphenolic constituents catechin, cyanidin, and Pyran-4-\none,2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl, shows promise as a natural antidepressant candidate through neuroprotective,\nantioxidant, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. These findings support further in vitro and in vivo\nstudies to validate efficacy, safety, and mechanism of action.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/0113816128438371260325073723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T06:43:32Z","timestamp":1779345812000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Electrochemical Analysis and in silico Evaluation of Tamarindus indica Linn Fruit Pulp Extract for Potential Antidepressant Effects"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Aira Joy C.","family":"Matel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapua University, Metro Manila 1002, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bor-Yann","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Ilan University, Yilan 260, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Yang","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Ilan University, Yilan 260, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathlia A.","family":"De Castro-Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapua University, Metro Manila 1002, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Po-Wei","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"965","container-title":["Current Pharmaceutical Design"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/article\/download?doi=10.2174\/0113816128438371260325073723","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/254133\/article","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/article\/download?doi=10.2174\/0113816128438371260325073723","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T06:43:38Z","timestamp":1779345818000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/254133\/article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]]},"references-count":0,"alternative-id":["LiveAll1"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0113816128438371260325073723","relation":{},"ISSN":["1381-6128"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1381-6128","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Peer Reviewed","order":0,"name":"review_status","label":"Review Status","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Double blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review Process","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Checked with iThenticate","order":0,"name":"screening_status","label":"Screening Status","group":{"name":"plagiarism_screening","label":"Plagiarism Screening"}},{"value":"2025-08-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-01","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}