{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:28:53Z","timestamp":1787315333894,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","content-domain":{"domain":["eurekaselect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CPB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) is a common and distressing side\neffect of cancer therapy. Phenylephrine hydrochloride can reduce follicular exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs through localized vasoconstriction, but its topical effectiveness is limited by\npoor skin penetration. Invasomal nanocarriers provide an efficient platform for enhancing dermal\ndelivery and sustaining local drug action<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A rotatable three-level two-factor Central Composite Design (CCD) was employed to\noptimize invasomal formulations. The optimized invasomal dispersion was formulated using lipoid 80, and D-limonene was incorporated into a Carbopol-based hydrogel for sustained drug release. Formulations were characterized for vesicular morphology, zeta potential, drug entrapment,\nin vitro drug release, and ex vivo permeation studies using goat skin. Statistical models were validated using ANOVA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The optimized formulation exhibited a vesicle size of 162 \u00b1 1.8 (nm), EE% of 63.09 \u00b1\n3.2 %, and a steady-state flux of 0.6251 \u00b5g\/cm\u00b2\/h\u2014over fivefold higher than the conventional gel.\nOptimization was performed using a Central Composite Design based on phospholipid and terpene concentrations. The invasomal gel exhibited significantly higher cumulative drug permeation (59.34 \u00b1 2.34%) compared to the conventional gel (19.97 \u00b1 0.86%) (p &lt; 0.005), confirming\nenhanced dermal delivery. Drug release followed a Higuchi diffusion model, indicating controlled\nand sustained release for deeper dermal penetration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results compellingly demonstrate that the phenylephrine-loaded invasomal gel\nmarkedly outperforms conventional formulations by achieving superior dermal penetration and\nsustained drug release. This optimized nanocarrier system presents a transformative, non-invasive\nstrategy for combating chemotherapy-induced alopecia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The developed phenylephrine-loaded invasomal gel demonstrated superior drug\npenetration and sustained release, suggesting its potential as a novel, non-invasive strategy for\nchemotherapy-induced alopecia management. Future studies should focus on in vivo validation\nand long-term stability assessments for clinical translation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/0113892010405371260605061237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T11:57:42Z","timestamp":1787313462000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Formulation and Characterization of Lipidic Vesicles Utilizing CCD for\nEnhanced Permeation of Phenylephrine HCl for Prevention of CIA"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Ravi","family":"Shankar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, Uttar Pardesh, India"},{"name":"TRC MahavidyalayaDepartment of Pharmacy, Satrikh, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prabhat","family":"Kumar Upadhyaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, Uttar Pardesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manish","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College ofPharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harish Chandra","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teerthankar Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthankar Mahaveer University,Moradabad, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"965","container-title":["Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/article\/download?doi=10.2174\/0113892010405371260605061237","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/257191\/article","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/article\/download?doi=10.2174\/0113892010405371260605061237","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T11:57:52Z","timestamp":1787313472000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/257191\/article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"references-count":0,"alternative-id":["LiveAll1"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0113892010405371260605061237","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-2010"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-2010","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Peer Reviewed","order":0,"name":"review_status","label":"Review Status","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Double blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review Process","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Checked with iThenticate","order":0,"name":"screening_status","label":"Screening Status","group":{"name":"plagiarism_screening","label":"Plagiarism Screening"}},{"value":"2025-10-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-25","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}