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A\nfoundational step in understanding the behavior and impact of these compounds involves their accurate\nidentification and quantification, which hinges on the effectiveness of various detection techniques.\nHowever, before these methods can be employed, cannabinoids must be isolated from complex\nbiological matrices, such as blood, urine, or tissue, using precise extraction protocols that preserve\ncompound integrity and minimize degradation. This analytical review not only provides a detailed\noverview of the extraction procedures used to isolate cannabinoids from biological samples\nbut also explores the principles, advantages, and limitations of common detection techniques. Special\nfocus is placed on chromatographic methods, such as gas chromatography (GC) and liquid\nchromatography (LC), which are frequently coupled with mass spectrometry (MS), as well as on\nimmunoassay-based approaches that offer rapid, cost-effective screening options. The review aims\nto highlight the evolving landscape of analytical methodologies in cannabinoid research, especially\nconsidering growing clinical, forensic, and regulatory interests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/0113895575403595251119091701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T08:10:13Z","timestamp":1777536613000},"page":"658-668","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Extraction and Mass Spectrometry Detection of Cannabinoids in Clinical Samples"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Matthew","family":"Coughlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, The Kennedy College of Sciences, Lowell, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Garelnabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12669","volume":"88","author":"Donnelly J.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Donnelly J.; Young M.; The legalization of medical\/recreational marijuana: Implications for school health drug education programs. 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