{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T02:00:15Z","timestamp":1791165615044,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","content-domain":{"domain":["eurekaselect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["MRMC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"abstract":"\n Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n Viral infections continue to pose a significant health problem to all parts of\nthe world because of a high rate of mutation and the ability to resist traditional single-target antivirals.\nMulti-target inhibition of core viral proteins (main protease, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase,\nand spike glycoprotein) with plant metabolites as the target of drug discovery is a promising alternative.\nThis review presented a systematic review of the antiviral potential and mechanism of plantderived\ncompounds published from 2020 to 2025.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n The systematic search of the literature was performed with the help of\nPubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, and EMBASE in accordance with PRISMA\n2020. Peer-reviewed articles that reported precise molecular targets, quantifiable antiviral activity\n(IC50, EC50 or %inhibition), and mechanistic information were included. Qualitative synthesis of\ndata was done because of heterogeneity in methodology.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Sixty studies were eligible. Flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol) had an inhibitory effect on\nviral protease and polymerase with an IC50 value of 2-12 \u03bcM. The terpenoids (glycyrrhizin, betulinic\nacid) inhibited spike\u2013ACE2 binding and viral fusion with up to 80% infectivity in vitro. The polymerases\nof hepatitis and influenza viruses were inhibited by polyphenols (EGCG, resveratrol). The\nbioavailability increased 150-200% with nano formulations, which enhanced therapeutic potency.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n Metabolites of plants have direct antiviral and host immunomodulatory properties.\nNevertheless, a lack of clinical validation and inconsistency in the standardization of phytochemicals\nare critical issues.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Plant-based metabolites are highly promising, multi-target antiviral leads. Nanotechnology,\ntogether with standardized pharmacological assessment and enhanced regulatory validation, has the\npotential to hasten clinical translation of plant metabolites into safe, broad-spectrum antiviral therapies.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/0113895575432866260515074454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T05:45:18Z","timestamp":1781761518000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Natural Product-inspired Antiviral Drug Discovery: A Systematic Review\nOn The Multi-target Efficacy Of Plant Metabolites"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Angum M. M.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Al Rayan Private College of Health Sciences and Nursing, PO Box 167, Al Madinah Al Munawarah, 41411, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranadheer Reddy","family":"Challa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Formulation and Development, Quotient Sciences, Garnet Valley, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhaskar","family":"Vallamkonda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Science,School of Applied Sciences and Humanities, VIGNAN\u2019s Foundation for Science, Technology & Research, Vadlamudi,522213, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2482-8916","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vasanth Kumar","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Takshashila University, Ongur,Tindivanam, 604305, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8608-8790","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"P. Dharani","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Mohan Babu University, MB School of PharmaceuticalSciences, (Erstwhile Sree Vidyaniketan College of Pharmacy) Tirupati, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4014-4135","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shaik","family":"Kareemulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of PharmacyPractice, Global College of Pharmacy, Ranga Reddy, Hyderabad, 501504, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5569-6840","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Malarkodi","family":"Velraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), OldPallavaram, Chennai, 600 117, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"965","container-title":["Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/article\/download?doi=10.2174\/0113895575432866260515074454","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/255137\/article","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/article\/download?doi=10.2174\/0113895575432866260515074454","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T05:45:26Z","timestamp":1781761526000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/255137\/article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"references-count":0,"alternative-id":["LiveAll1"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0113895575432866260515074454","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-5575"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-5575","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Peer Reviewed","order":0,"name":"review_status","label":"Review Status","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Double blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review Process","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Checked with iThenticate","order":0,"name":"screening_status","label":"Screening Status","group":{"name":"plagiarism_screening","label":"Plagiarism Screening"}},{"value":"2025-08-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-02","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}