{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T20:17:31Z","timestamp":1792700251591,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["eurekaselect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CVP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with multiorgan\nand system involvement, including the Cardiovascular (CV) system. Cardiac involvement in these\npatients is frequent and most often asymptomatic, at least in the early stages. It includes accelerated\natherosclerosis, premature Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), and a high risk of CV complications. The\nrisk of developing CV Disease (CVD) in SLE is linked not only with classical CV risk factors but\nalso with disease-specific factors, like the degree of activity, autoantibodies, organ damage, and type\nof therapy. Clinical presentation comprises several clinical manifestations ranging from angina to\nacute Myocardial Infarction (MI) and Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD). The leading cause of death in\nSLE patients is from CVD due to accelerated atherosclerosis, which often has a more rapid progression\ncompared with the general population. The CV risk in SLE is greater when antiphospholipid\nantibodies are present. Regarding diagnosis, apart from relevant blood tests, the simplest and readily\navailable diagnostic test, echocardiography, with its contemporary techniques that include global\nlongitudinal strain, is needed to provide a more thorough cardiac evaluation and allow for early management.\nThese aspects of the disease, together with issues regarding phenotypes, biomarkers, neonatal\nlupus, heart block, SLE-related CV ailments such as coronary artery disease (CAD), myocarditis,\nvalvular heart disease, and the antiphospholipid syndrome, as well as diagnostic modalities, drug and\ninterventional therapies, and current relevant guidelines are all thoroughly reviewed and discussed in\nthis article.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/0115701611348352250319034731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T07:59:16Z","timestamp":1744271956000},"page":"20-32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cardiovascular Disorders in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6837-1761","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Antonis A.","family":"Manolis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Elpis General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodora A.","family":"Manolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry,Aiginiteio University Hospital, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0336-4745","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Antonis S.","family":"Manolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athens University School of Medicine, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1586\/eci.10.98","volume":"7","author":"McMahon M.","year":"2011","unstructured":"McMahon M.; Hahn B.H.; Skaggs B.J.; Systemic lupus erythematosus and cardiovascular disease: Prediction and potential for therapeutic intervention. 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