{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T04:37:50Z","timestamp":1747975070762,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["eurekaselect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["RAIAD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"\nIntroduction:<\/jats:title>\nAnecdotal reports describe patients with concurrent idiopathic inflammatory\nmyopathy (IIM) and celiac disease (CeD) in whom the introduction of a gluten-free diet led\nto dramatic improvement of myositis. We first systematically reviewed all peer-reviewed publications\non concomitant IIM and duodenal biopsy-verified CeD. The collected evidence was suggestive\nof associations between myositis disease activity and gluten exposure in some patients with\nIIM-CeD.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nMethods:<\/jats:title>\nTo investigate possible explanations for the observations, an exploratory review of basic\npathophysiological relationships between IIM and gluten-related disorders was performed using\na combined strategy of systematic and non-systematic literature searches and forward and\nbackward citation tracking.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nResults:<\/jats:title>\nThe investigations revealed close pathophysiological associations between IIM and the\nautoimmune gluten-related disorders CeD, dermatitis herpetiformis, and gluten ataxia. Common\ntraits include shared genetic predisposition through HLA-DQ2.5\/-DQ8, disease activity-associated\nautoantibodies, histopathological parallels with inflammatory cell infiltrates, and similarly distributed\nstructural homologous transglutaminases (TGs). HLA-DQ2.5-restricted gluten-specific\nCD4+ T cells of a rare, uniform phenotype are reported in CeD and connective tissue disease. Expanded\nT-cell clones with identical phenotypes and CDR3\u03b2 motifs indicate the presence of a continuous,\nantigen-driven T-cell response.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nConclusion:<\/jats:title>\nThe investigations revealed that the main components involved in the adaptive immune\nresponse in the CeD gut may be present in HLA-DQ2.5+\/-DQ8+ IIM muscle. The collected\nevidence supports the notion that in some genetically predisposed patients with IIM, gluten may\nact as an exogenous antigen driving myositis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nFurther Research\/Clinical Implications:<\/jats:title>\nTo test the above hypothesis, clinical trials combined\nwith immunological studies are needed. Meanwhile, the inclusion of HLA-DQ typing may be justified,\nand subsequent small-intestinal biopsies in HLA-DQ2.5\/8+ individuals with IIM.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/0127722708317244240919113305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T06:27:57Z","timestamp":1727850477000},"page":"221-235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Inflammatory Myopathies and Autoimmune Gluten-related Disorders: A Scoping Review of Pathophysiological Interconnections and Hypothesis"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3549-5480","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gunhild Alvik","family":"Nyborg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo,\n0424, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"965","container-title":["Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/article\/download?doi=10.2174\/0127722708317244240919113305","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/234688\/article","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/article\/download?doi=10.2174\/0127722708317244240919113305","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T16:44:33Z","timestamp":1747932273000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/234688\/article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["LiveAll1"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0127722708317244240919113305","relation":{},"ISSN":["2772-2708"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2772-2708"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Peer Reviewed","order":0,"name":"review_status","label":"Review Status","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review Process","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Checked with iThenticate","order":0,"name":"screening_status","label":"Screening Status","group":{"name":"plagiarism_screening","label":"Plagiarism Screening"}},{"value":"2024-03-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-24","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}