{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T06:26:38Z","timestamp":1790403998047,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"32","content-domain":{"domain":["eurekaselect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CMC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title\/>\n<jats:p>The human gut is a composite anaerobic environment with a large, diverse and dynamic\nenteric microbiota, represented by more than 100 trillion microorganisms, including at\nleast 1000 distinct species. The discovery that a different microbial composition can influence\nbehavior and cognition, and in turn the nervous system can indirectly influence enteric microbiota\ncomposition, has significantly contributed to establish the well-accepted concept of\ngut-brain axis. This hypothesis is supported by several evidence showing mutual mechanisms,\nwhich involve the vague nerve, the immune system, the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal\n(HPA) axis modulation and the bacteria-derived metabolites. Many studies have focused\non delineating a role for this axis in health and disease, ranging from stress-related disorders\nsuch as depression, anxiety and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) to neurodevelopmental\ndisorders, such as autism, and to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson Disease, Alzheimer\u2019s\nDisease etc. Based on this background, and considering the relevance of alteration\nof the symbiotic state between host and microbiota, this review focuses on the role and the\ninvolvement of bioactive lipids, such as the N-acylethanolamine (NAE) family whose main\nmembers are N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoilethanolamide\n(OEA), and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as butyrate, belonging to a\nlarge group of bioactive lipids able to modulate peripheral and central pathologic processes.\nTheir effective role has been studied in inflammation, acute and chronic pain, obesity and\ncentral nervous system diseases. A possible correlation has been shown between these lipids\nand gut microbiota through different mechanisms. Indeed, systemic administration of specific\nbacteria can reduce abdominal pain through the involvement of cannabinoid receptor 1 in the\nrat; on the other hand, PEA reduces inflammation markers in a murine model of inflammatory\nbowel disease (IBD), and butyrate, producted by gut microbiota, is effective in reducing\ninflammation and pain in irritable bowel syndrome and IBD animal models. In this review,\nwe underline the relationship among inflammation, pain, microbiota and the different lipids,\nfocusing on a possible involvement of NAEs and SCFAs in the gut-brain axis and their role in\nthe central nervous system diseases.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867324666170216113756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,23]],"date-time":"2017-02-23T21:27:49Z","timestamp":1487885269000},"page":"3930-3952","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":188,"title":["Gut-brain Axis: Role of Lipids in the Regulation of Inflammation, Pain and CNS Diseases"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Roberto","family":"Russo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, \"Federico II\" University of Naples, via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Cristiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, \"Federico II\" University of Naples, via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Avagliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, \"Federico II\" University of Naples, via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"De Caro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, \"Federico II\" University of Naples, via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"La Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, \"Federico II\" University of Naples, via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppina Mattace","family":"Raso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, \"Federico II\" University of Naples, via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto Berni","family":"Canani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medical Science-Pediatric Section and CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases and Task Force on Microbiome Investigation, University of Naples \"Federico II\", Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosaria","family":"Meli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, \"Federico II\" University of Naples, via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Calignano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, \"Federico II\" University of Naples, via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"965","container-title":["Current Medicinal Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/eurekaselect.com\/article\/download\/150145","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/150145\/article","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/eurekaselect.com\/article\/download\/150145","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,25]],"date-time":"2020-12-25T09:49:35Z","timestamp":1608889775000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/150145\/article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"32","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]]}},"alternative-id":["LiveAll1"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0929867324666170216113756","relation":{},"ISSN":["0929-8673"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0929-8673","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Peer 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