{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:14:43Z","timestamp":1791274483443,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["eurekaselect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CMC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p> Cardiovascular disease (CVD), the most common cause of death\nglobally, accounts for ~30% of all deaths worldwide. Hypertension is a common contributor\nto morbidity and mortality from CVD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods and Results: <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The plasma concentration of chromogranin A (CgA) is elevated in patients\nwith CVD as well as patients with established human essential hypertension and heart\nfailure (HF). In contrast, the plasma level of the CgA-derived peptide catestatin (CST) is diminished\nin human essential hypertension. Low conversion of CgA-to-CST has been associated\nwith increased mortality in patients hospitalized with acute HF. Consistent with human\nfindings, the lack of CST in CgA knockout (Chga-KO) mice eventuates in the development of\nhypertension and supplementation of CST to Chga-KO mice restores blood pressure, implicating\nCST as a key player in regulating hypertension. In the peripheral system, CST decreases\nblood pressure by stimulating histamine release, inhibiting catecholamine secretion, or\ncausing vasodilation. Centrally, CST improves baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and heart rate\nvariability (HRV) by exciting GABAergic neurons in the caudal ventrolateral medulla\n(CVLM) and pyramidal neurons of the central amygdala; CST also decreases BRS by exciting\nglutamatergic rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) neurons. In addition, CST provides\ncardioprotection by inhibiting inotropy and lusitropy; activating mitochondrial KATP channels,\nand stimulating reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) and survivor activating factor enhancement\n(SAFE) pathways and consequent inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition\npore (mPTP). CST modulates cardiomyocyte Ca2+ levels by direct inhibition of\nCa2+\/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II\u03b4 (CaMKII\u03b4) activity and consequent reduction\nin phosphorylation of phospholamban and ryanodine receptor 2, thereby providing support for\na direct functional role of CST in the failing myocardium.\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>These multitude of effects establish CST as a master regulator of cardiovascular\nfunctions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867324666170425100416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,26]],"date-time":"2017-04-26T09:35:58Z","timestamp":1493199358000},"page":"1352-1374","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Catestatin: A Master Regulator of Cardiovascular Functions"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Sushil K.","family":"Mahata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Physiology & Ultrastructural Biology Laboratory, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, CA 92161, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malapaka","family":"Kiranmayi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitish R.","family":"Mahapatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"965","container-title":["Current Medicinal Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/eurekaselect.com\/article\/download\/151858","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/151858\/article","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/eurekaselect.com\/article\/download\/151858","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,25]],"date-time":"2020-12-25T09:59:21Z","timestamp":1608890361000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/151858\/article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]]}},"alternative-id":["LiveAll1"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0929867324666170425100416","relation":{},"ISSN":["0929-8673"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0929-8673","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Peer Reviewed","order":0,"name":"review_status","label":"Review Status","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review Process","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Checked with iThenticate","order":0,"name":"screening_status","label":"Screening Status","group":{"name":"plagiarism_screening","label":"Plagiarism Screening"}},{"value":"2017-01-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-04-03","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-04-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-04-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}