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In the last decades especially, a constantly increasing bulk of data highlighted how vitamin D could regulate several activities and processes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of the present paper was to review and comment on the literature on vitamin D, with a focus on its possible role in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>vailable literature indicates that vitamin D regulates a variety of processes in humans and in the central nervous system. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an enhanced pro-inflammatory state, and formation of A\u03b2 oligomers that might contribute to the cognitive decline typical of the elderly age and, perhaps, dementia. More in general, vitamin D is supposed to play a crucial role in neuroinflammation processes that are currently hypothesized to be involved in the pathophysiology of different psychiatric disorders, such as major depression, bipolar disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders and psychosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is conceivable that vitamin D supplementation might pave the way towards \u201cnatural\u201d treatments of a broad range of neuropsychiatric disorders, or at least be useful to boost response to psychotropic drugs in resistant cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867328666201210104701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,11]],"date-time":"2020-12-11T04:11:37Z","timestamp":1607659897000},"page":"3843-3864","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Vitamin D: A Pleiotropic Hormone with Possible Psychotropic Activities"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4021-5829","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Donatella","family":"Marazziti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa,Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5817-8165","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Parra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa,Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5907-9751","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stefania","family":"Palermo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa,Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3253-6507","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Filippo Maria","family":"Barberi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa,Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2031-0706","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Beatrice","family":"Buccianelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa,Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Ricciardulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa,Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9617-8273","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrea","family":"Cappelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa,Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9746-8237","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Federico","family":"Mucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena,Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6141-4993","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Liliana","family":"Dell\u2019Osso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa,Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.10338","volume":"88","author":"Holick M.F.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Holick M.F.; Vitamin D: a millenium perspective. 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