{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:30:03Z","timestamp":1792787403024,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["eurekaselect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CDM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a systematic inflammatory disease, and\nsmoking is an important risk factor for COPD. Macrolide can reduce COPD inflammation. However, the\ninflammatory mechanism of COPD remains unclear and the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Macrolide is complex\nand not exactly known.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p> We read and analysed thirty-eight articles, including original articles and reviews.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The expression of Nrf2 was lower in COPD patients and might have a protective role against apoptosis\ncaused by CSE-induced oxidative stress. Nrf2 may play an important role in COPD inflammation. Nrf2 is a key\nfactor in downstream of PI3K\/Akt and is involved in the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory response.\nTherefore, PI3K\/Akt pathway may play an important role in the activation of Nrf2 and COPD inflammation. Macrolide\nreduces lung and systemic inflammation of COPD by regulating PI3K\/Akt pathway.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p> This review indicates that PI3K\/Ak-Nrf2 may play an important role in COPD inflammation and\nmacrolides may reduce lung and systemic inflammation of COPD by regulating PI3K\/Akt-Nrf2 pathway. However,\nmany crucial and essential questions remain to be answered. Further understanding of the mechanisms of macrolide\nefficacy and PI3K\/Akt-Nrf2-mediated inflammatory responses may provide a new clue for exploring COPD treatment\nin the future.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200220666190227224748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]],"date-time":"2019-03-04T07:03:15Z","timestamp":1551682995000},"page":"301-304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":120,"title":["PI3K\/Akt-Nrf2 and Anti-Inflammation Effect of Macrolides in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Xuejiao","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Liuzhou General Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Liuzhou General Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyi","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pathol.4.110807.092145","volume":"4","author":"Hogg J.C.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hogg JC, Timens W.  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