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Its safety profile and\ncost-effectiveness are well-documented. Scientists have found that chloroquine has in vitro activity against novel\ncoronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, chloroquine has been adopted in the Protocol for Managing Coronavirus\nDisease 2019 (COVID-19) (Version 7) issued by the China National Health Commission for clinically managing\nCOVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This review will focus on the antiviral mechanism, effectiveness and safety, dosage and DDIs of\nchloroquine, for the purpose of providing evidence-based support for rational use of chloroquine in the treatment of\nCOVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Use the search terms \"chloroquine\" linked with \"effectiveness\", \"safety\", \"mechanism\", \"drug-drug\ninteraction (DDIs)\" or other terms respectively to search relevant literature through PubMed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>After searching, we found literature about antivirus mechanism, dosage, DDIs of chloroquine. However,\nstudies on the effectiveness and safety of chloroquine treatment for COVID-19 for the general and geriatric patients\nare not enough.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>According to literature reports, chloroquine has been proven to have anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect in vitro\nand the potential mechanism of chloroquine in vivo. Pharmacokinetic characteristics and DDIs study are helpful in\nguiding rational drug use in general and geriatric patients. Although there have been reports of successful clinical\napplication of chloroquine in the treatment COVID-19, more clinical test data are still needed to prove its\neffectiveness and safety.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200221666200711160440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]],"date-time":"2020-07-11T19:41:51Z","timestamp":1594496511000},"page":"534-540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Updates on the Pharmacology of Chloroquine against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Perspective on its Use in the General and Geriatric Population"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Xueting","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Clinical Trial Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Clinical Trial Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Clinical Trial Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Clinical Trial Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siqi","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Clinical Trial Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Clinical Trial Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Clinical Trial Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2014.0090","volume":"28","author":"Farias K.J.S.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Farias K.J.S.; Machado P.R.L.; Muniz J.A.P.C.; Imbeloni A.A.; da Fonseca B.A.L.; Antiviral activity of chloroquine against dengue virus type 2 replication in Aotus monkeys. 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