{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T12:05:07Z","timestamp":1768737907785,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017592","name":"Science and Technology Development of Shaanxi Province, China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019SF-154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019SF-154"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017592","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["eurekaselect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CDM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The effectiveness and side effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) in combination with midazolam\nand propofol have not been comparatively studied in a single clinical trial as sedative agents to general anesthesia before.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The objective of this study is to compare intra and post-operative sedation between DEX-Midazolam and\nDEX-Propofol in patients who underwent major abdominal surgery on the duration of general anesthesia, hemodynamic\nand sedation effect.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This prospective, randomized, double-blinded clinical trial included 50 patients who were 20 to 60 years of\nage and admitted for major abdominal surgery. The patients were randomly assigned by a computer-generated random\nnumbers table to sedation with DEX plus midazolam (DM group) (n=25) or DEX plus propofol (DP group)\n(n=25). In the DM group, patients received a bolus dose of 0.1 mg\/kg of midazolam and immediately initiated the\nintravenous (i.v.) infusion of DEX 1 \u03bcg\/kg over a 10 min and 0.5 \u03bcg\/kg\/hr by continuous i.v. infusion within operation\nperiod. In the DP group, patients received pre-anesthetic i.v. DEX 1 \u03bcg\/kg over 15 min before anesthesia induction\nand 0.2-1 \u03bcg\/kg\/hr by continuous i.v. infusion during the operative period. After preoxygenation for at least 2\nmin, during the surgery, patients received propofol infusion dose of 250 \u03bcg\/kg\/min for 15 min then a basal infusion\ndose of 50 \u03bcg\/kg\/min. The bispectral index (BIS) value, as well as mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR),\nrespiratory rate (RR), oxygen saturation (SaO2), percutaneous arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and end-tidal carbon\ndioxide tension (ETCO2) were recorded before anesthesia (T0), during anesthesia (at 15-min intervals throughout the\nsurgical procedure), by a blinded observer. Evidence of apnea, hypotension, hypertension and hypoxemia were recorded\nduring surgery.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The hemodynamic changes, including HR, MAP, BIS, VT, SaO2, and RR had a downward tendency with\ntime, but no significant difference was observed between the groups (P&gt;0.05). However, the two groups showed no\nsignificant differences in ETCO2 and SPO2 values in any of the assessed interval (P&gt;0.05). In this study, the two\ngroups showed no significant differences in the incidence of nausea, vomiting, coughing, apnea, hypotension, hypertension,\nbradycardia and hypoxemia (P&gt;0.05). Respiratory depression and serious adverse events were not reported\nin either group. Extubation time after surgery was respectively 6.3 \u00b1 1.7 and 5.8 \u00b1 1.4 hr. in the DM and DP groups\nand the difference was not statistically significant (P= 0.46).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our study showed no significant differences between the groups in hemodynamic and respiratory\nchanges in each of the time intervals. There were also no significant differences between the two groups in the incidence\nof complication intra and post-operative. Further investigations are required to specify the optimum doses of using drugs\nwhich provide safety in cardiovascular and respiratory system without adverse disturbance during surgery.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration Number:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>HTCY-MA2018-74.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200222666211103121832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]],"date-time":"2021-11-04T06:18:12Z","timestamp":1636006692000},"page":"45-56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparison of Intra and Post-operative Sedation Efficacy of Dexmedetomidinemidazolam\nand Dexmedetomidine-propofol for Major Abdominal Surgery"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, Shanxi Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, the\nHospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Yulin, Yulin, Shanxi Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5313\/wja.v5.i1.1","volume":"5","author":"Amornyotin S.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Amornyotin S.; Dexmedetomidine in gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures. 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