{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T16:18:18Z","timestamp":1790957898305,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"12","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001501","name":"University Grant Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F1-17.1\/2017-18\/MANF-2017-18-BIH-80942"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F1-17.1\/2017-18\/MANF-2017-18-BIH-80942"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001501","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["eurekaselect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CDM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In over 300 million clinical cases, antidepressant drugs seem to provide only symptomatic\nrelief and limited protection in life-threatening depressive events.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To compare neuronal-signaling mechanism and neuroprotective roles of Thymoquinone (TQ) suspension\nand its SLN (TQSLN) against standard antidepressant drug fluoxetine.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This research investigated in-silico docking at NF-KB p50 active site, CLSM based gut permeation,\nscreening of antidepressant activities and neurosignaling pathways involved.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>As compared to fluoxetine, TQ reporteda significantly better docking score (-6.83 v\/s -6.22) and a better\nlower free binding energy of (-34.715 Kcal\/mol v\/s -28.537 Kcal\/mol). While poorly oral bioavailable and P-gp\nsubstrate TQ reported approximately 250% higher gut permeation if delivered as TQSLN formulation. In locomotor\nstudies, as compared to TQS, TQSLN favored more prominent (p&lt; 0.010) elevation in average time, horizontalactivity,\naverage-velocity, and total-movement with reduced rest time LPS treated groups. However, in the tail suspension\ntest, TQSLN significantly reduced immobility time (p&lt;0.010). Similarly, In the modified force swimming\ntest, TQSLN also significantly reduced immobility time (p&lt;0.010), but swimming time (p&lt;0.010) and climbing time\n(p&lt;0.050) were significantly elevated. Subsequently, TQSLN reported significantly elevated neuroprotective BDNF\n(p&lt;0.010) as well as hippocampal 5HT\/TRP; accompanied with reduced levels of hippocampal inflammatory markers\nTNF-\u03b1 (p&lt;0.001) and IL-6 (p&lt;0.010) as well as lower kynurenine and tryptophan ratio (KYN\/TRP). Similarly,\nthe hippocampal CA1 region further revealed TQSL more predominantly attenuated NF-kB nuclear translocation in\nthe brain.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Despite the poor bioavailability of TQ, TQSLN potentially attenuates neuroinflammatory transmitters\nand favors BDNF to modulate depressive neurobehavioral states.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200222666211108101531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]],"date-time":"2021-11-09T04:45:09Z","timestamp":1636433109000},"page":"978-988","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Thymoquinone Lipid Nanoparticles Cut the Gordian Knots of Depression via Neuroprotective\nBDNF and Downregulation of Neuro-inflammatory NF-\u03baB, IL-6, and\nTNF-\u03b1 in LPS Treated Rats"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Mahtab","family":"Alam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Noushad","family":"Javed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India | Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India New Delhi, India | School of Medical and Allied Sciences,\nK.R. Mangalam University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abul Kalam","family":"Najmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farhan Jalees","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062,India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Sarim","family":"Imam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University,\nRiyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd","family":"Akhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"965","container-title":["Current Drug Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/eurekaselect.com\/article\/download\/197786","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/197786\/article","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/eurekaselect.com\/article\/download\/197786","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]],"date-time":"2021-12-31T07:49:04Z","timestamp":1640936944000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/197786\/article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["LiveAll1"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1389200222666211108101531","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-2002"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-2002","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Peer Reviewed","order":0,"name":"review_status","label":"Review Status","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review Process","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Checked with iThenticate","order":0,"name":"screening_status","label":"Screening Status","group":{"name":"plagiarism_screening","label":"Plagiarism Screening"}},{"value":"2021-01-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-08-31","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}