{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T14:33:08Z","timestamp":1790346788652,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["eurekaselect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CDM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on improving\nthe level of pain and disability to find out the possible correlation between psychological factors with pain management\nsatisfaction and physical function in patients with femoral neck fractures.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>One hundred twenty-four adult patients with stable femoral neck fractures (type I and II, Garden classification)\nwho underwent internal fixation, were prospectively enrolled including 62 patients in the DEX group and 62\npatients in the control group. The magnitude of disability using Harris Hip Score, Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction\n(POCD) using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE score), Quality of Recovery (QoR-40), pain-related\nanxiety (PASS-20), pain management and pain catastrophizing scale (PCS) were recorded on the first and second day\nafter surgery.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The DEX group on the first and second days after surgery exhibited higher quality of recovery scores,\ngreater satisfaction with pain management, low disability scores, less catastrophic thinking, lower pain anxiety,\ngreater mini mental state examination scores and less opioid intake and the differences were statistically significant\ncompared with the control group (P&lt;0.001). Emergence agitation and incidence of POCD were significantly less in\nthe DEX group (P&lt;0.001). Decreased disability was associated with less catastrophic thinking and lower pain anxiety,\nbut not associated with more opioid intake (P&lt;0.001). Higher QoR-40 scores had a negative correlation with\nmore catastrophic thinking and more opioid intake (P&lt;0.001). Greater satisfaction with pain management was correlated\nwith less catastrophic thinking and less opioid intake (P&lt;0.001).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Using DEX as an adjunct to anesthesia could significantly improve postoperative cognitive dysfunction\nand the quality of recovery and these improvements were accompanied by decrease in pain, emergence agitation, and\nopioid consumption by DEX administration. Since pain relief and decreased disability were not associated with prescribing\ngreater amounts of opioid intake in the patients, improving psychological factors, including reducing catastrophic\nthinking or self-efficacy about pain, could be a more effective strategy to reduce pain and disability, meanwhile\nreducing opioid prescription in the patients. Our findings showed that DEX administration is safe sedation with\nanti-inflammatory, analgesic and antiemetic effects and it could help change pain management strategy from opioidcentric\ntowards improved postoperative cognitive dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200222666211118115347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T11:59:04Z","timestamp":1637236744000},"page":"57-65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Changing Pain Management Strategy from Opioid-centric Towards Improve Postoperative\nCognitive Dysfunction with Dexmedetomidine"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Chunhong","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pain, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojun","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Lanzhou\nUniversity Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongpei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pain, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pain, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pain, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e395","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20170120-03","volume":"40","author":"Kusnezov N.A.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kusnezov N.A.; Eisenstein E.D.; Dunn J.C.; Waterman B.R.; functional outcomes following surgical management of femoral neck stress fractures. Orthopedics 2017,40(3),e395-e399","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"ref=2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1080","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20160714-03","volume":"39","author":"White B.J.","year":"2016","unstructured":"White B.J.; Hawkes T.K.; Herzog M.M.; Hip pain after a femoral fracture: It is not always related to the implant. Orthopedics 2016,39(6),e1080-e1084","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"ref=3","first-page":"S76","volume":"11","author":"Yadollahpour A.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yadollahpour A.; Rashidi S.; Electromagnetic field as a pain relieving modality: A review of the current literature. Int J Green Pharm 2017,11(1),S76-S80","journal-title":"Int J Green Pharm"},{"key":"ref=4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/s11552-015-9767-6","volume":"10","author":"Teunis T.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Teunis T.; Stoop N.; Park C.J.; Ring D.; What factors are associated with a second opioid prescription after treatment of distal radius fractures with a volar locking plate? Hand (N Y) 2015,10(4),639-648","journal-title":"Hand (N Y)"},{"key":"ref=5","first-page":"S787","volume":"10","author":"Rashidi S.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rashidi S.; Yadollahpour A.; Fakoor M.; Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on post-operative pain in patients with fresh fracture. Asian J Pharm 2016,10(4),S787-S790","journal-title":"Asian J Pharm"},{"key":"ref=6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2542","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-014-3660-4","volume":"472","author":"Bot A.G.J.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bot A.G.J.; Bekkers S.; Arnstein P.M.; Smith R.M.; Ring D.; Opioid use after fracture surgery correlates with pain intensity and satisfaction with pain relief. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2014,472(8),2542-2549","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"ref=7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2256","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03729.x","volume":"59","author":"Sieber F.E.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sieber F.E.; Mears S.; Lee H.; Gottschalk A.; Postoperative opioid consumption and its relationship to cognitive function in older adults with hip fracture. J Am Geriatr Soc 2011,59(12),2256-2262","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"ref=8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9793","volume":"102","author":"Peek M.C.L.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Peek M.C.L.; Ahmed M.; Napoli A.; ten Haken B.; McWilliams S.; Usiskin S.I.; Pinder S.E.; van Hemelrijck M.; Douek M.; Systematic review of high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation in the treatment of breast cancer. Br J Surg 2015,102(8),873-882","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"ref=9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.15.00614","volume":"98","author":"Kim N.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim N.; Matzon J.L.; Abboudi J.; Jones C.; Kirkpatrick W.; Leinberry C.F.; Liss F.E.; Lutsky K.F.; Wang M.L.; Maltenfort M.; Ilyas A.M.; A prospective evaluation of opioid utilization after upper-extremity surgical procedures: Identifying consumption patterns and determining prescribing guidelines. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2016,98(20)","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"ref=10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.1827","volume":"172","author":"Alam A.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alam A.; Gomes T.; Zheng H.; Mamdani M.M.; Juurlink D.N.; Bell C.M.; Long-term analgesic use after low-risk surgery: a retrospective cohort study. Arch Intern Med 2012,172(5),425-430","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref=11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-11-90","volume":"11","author":"Singh J.A.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Singh J.A.; Lewallen D.; Predictors of pain and use of pain medications following primary total hip arthroplasty (THA): 5,707 THAs at 2-years and 3,289 THAs at 5-years. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2010,11(1),90","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"ref=12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R248","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4091","volume":"14","author":"Singh J.A.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Singh J.A.; Lewallen D.G.; Predictors of use of pain medications for persistent knee pain after primary total knee arthroplasty: a cohort study using an institutional joint registry. Arthritis Res Ther 2012,14(6),R248","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"ref=13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.18773\/austprescr.2014.033","volume":"37","author":"Dobbin M.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dobbin M.; Pharmaceutical drug misuse in Australia. Aust Prescr 2014,37(3),79-81","journal-title":"Aust Prescr"},{"key":"ref=14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.5694\/mja12.10785","volume":"198","author":"Shand F.L.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shand F.L.; Campbell G.; Hall W.; Lintzeris N.; Cohen M.; Degenhardt L.; Real-time monitoring of Schedule 8 medicines in Australia: evaluation is essential. Med J Aust 2013,198(2),80-81","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"ref=15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2010.029611","volume":"17","author":"Rintoul A.C.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rintoul A.C.; Dobbin M.D.H.; Drummer O.H.; Ozanne-Smith J.; Increasing deaths involving oxycodone, Victoria, Australia, 2000-09. Inj Prev 2011,17(4),254-259","journal-title":"Inj Prev"},{"key":"ref=16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-014-9624-x","volume":"11","author":"Pilgrim J.L.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pilgrim J.L.; Yafistham S.P.; Gaya S.; Saar E.; Drummer O.H.; An update on oxycodone: lessons for death investigators in Australia. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2015,11(1),3-12","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Med Pathol"},{"key":"ref=17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.D.02604","volume":"88","author":"Crichlow R.J.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Crichlow R.J.; Andres P.L.; Morrison S.M.; Haley S.M.; Vrahas M.S.; Depression in orthopaedic trauma patients: Prevalence and severity. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2006,88(9),1927-1933","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"ref=18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2015.03.008","volume":"56","author":"Golkari S.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Golkari S.; Teunis T.; Ring D.; Vranceanu A.M.; Changes in depression, health anxiety, and pain catastrophizing between enrollment and 1 month after a radius fracture. Psychosomatics 2015,56(6),652-657","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"ref=19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2010.02.001","volume":"35","author":"Vranceanu A.M.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vranceanu A.M.; Jupiter J.B.; Mudgal C.S.; Ring D.; Predictors of pain intensity and disability after minor hand surgery. J Hand Surg Am 2010,35(6),956-960","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"ref=20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2014.06.012","volume":"46","author":"Nota S.P.F.T.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nota S.P.F.T.; Bot A.G.J.; Ring D.; Kloen P.; Disability and depression after orthopaedic trauma. Injury 2015,46(2),207-212","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref=21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3328","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-010-1551-x","volume":"468","author":"Nunez F.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nunez F.; Vranceanu A.M.; Ring D.; Determinants of pain in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2010,468(12),3328-3332","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"ref=22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e414","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000342","volume":"29","author":"Teunis T.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Teunis T.; Bot A.G.J.; Thornton E.R.; Ring D.; Catastrophic thinking is associated with finger stiffness after distal radius fracture surgery. J Orthop Trauma 2015,29(10),e414-e420","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"ref=23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2010.06.014","volume":"15","year":"2011","unstructured":"Costa, Lda.C.; Maher, C.G.; McAuley, J.H.; Hancock, M.J.; Smeets, R.J.E.M. Self-efficacy is more important than fear of movement in mediating the relationship between pain and disability in chronic low back pain. Eur J Pain 2011,15(2),213-219","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"ref=24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1097\/NCN.0b013e3181f69d73","volume":"28","author":"Nahm E.S.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nahm E.S.; Barker B.; Resnick B.; Covington B.; Magaziner J.; Brennan P.F.; Effects of a social cognitive theory-based hip fracture prevention web site for older adults. Comput Inform Nurs 2010,28(6),371-379","journal-title":"Comput Inform Nurs"},{"key":"ref=25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2007.04292.x","volume":"59","author":"Yip Y.B.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yip Y.B.; Sit J.W.H.; Fung K.K.Y.; Wong D.Y.S.; Chong S.Y.C.; Chung L.H.; Ng T.P.; Effects of a self-management arthritis programme with an added exercise component for osteoarthritic knee: randomized controlled trial. J Adv Nurs 2007,59(1),20-28","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"ref=26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.09.34","volume":"9","author":"Quartana P.J.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Quartana P.J.; Campbell C.M.; Edwards R.R.;  2009,9(5),745-758"},{"key":"ref=27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200103000-00008","volume":"17","author":"Sullivan M.J.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sullivan M.J.; Thorn B.; Haythornthwaite J.A.; Keefe F.; Martin M.; Bradley L.A.; Lefebvre J.C.; Theoretical perspectives on the relation between catastrophizing and pain. Clin J Pain 2001,17(1),52-64","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"ref=28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21865","volume":"55","author":"Edwards R.R.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Edwards R.R.; Bingham C.O.; Bathon J.; Haythornthwaite J.A.; Catastrophizing and pain in arthritis, fibromyalgia, and other rheumatic diseases. Vol. 55. Arthritis Rheum 2006,55(2),325-332","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref=29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2008.12.001","volume":"67","author":"Broadbent E.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Broadbent E.; Ellis C.J.; Thomas J.; Gamble G.; Petrie K.J.; Further development of an illness perception intervention for myocardial infarction patients: a randomized controlled trial. J Psychosom Res 2009,67(1),17-23","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"ref=30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2551","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000096677.84605.A2","volume":"28","author":"George S.Z.","year":"2003","unstructured":"George S.Z.; Fritz J.M.; Bialosky J.E.; Donald D.A.; The effect of a fear-avoidance-based physical therapy intervention for patients with acute low back pain: results of a randomized clinical trial. Spine 2003,28(23),2551-2560","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref=31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200207000-00007","volume":"64","author":"Petrie K.J.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Petrie K.J.; Cameron L.D.; Ellis C.J.; Buick D.; Weinman J.; Changing illness perceptions after myocardial infarction: An early intervention randomized controlled trial. Psychosom Med 2002,64(4),580-586","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"ref=32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-015-9622-9","volume":"38","author":"Trudeau K.J.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Trudeau K.J.; Pujol L.A.; DasMahapatra P.; Wall R.; Black R.A.; Zacharoff K.; A randomized controlled trial of an online self-management program for adults with arthritis pain. J Behav Med 2015,38(3),483-496","journal-title":"J Behav Med"},{"key":"ref=33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-16-00505","volume":"25","author":"Finger A.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Finger A.; Teunis T.; Hageman M.G.; Ziady E.R.; Ring D.; Heng M.; Association between opioid intake and disability after surgical management of ankle fractures. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2017,25(7),519-526","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"ref=34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2017.0831","volume":"152","author":"Bicket M.C.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bicket M.C.; Long J.J.; Pronovost P.J.; Alexander G.C.; Wu C.L.; Prescription opioid analgesics commonly unused after surgery: A systematic review. JAMA Surg 2017,152(11),1066-1071","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"ref=35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012604","volume":"347","author":"Bosse M.J.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bosse M.J.; MacKenzie E.J.; Kellam J.F.; Burgess A.R.; Webb L.X.; Swiontkowski M.F.; Sanders R.W.; Jones A.L.; McAndrew M.P.; Patterson B.M.; McCarthy M.L.; Travison T.G.; Castillo R.C.; An analysis of outcomes of reconstruction or amputation after leg-threatening injuries. N Engl J Med 2002,347(24),1924-1931","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref=36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e3182a95d86","volume":"51","author":"Daubresse M.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Daubresse M.; Chang H.Y.; Yu Y.; Viswanathan S.; Shah N.D.; Stafford R.S.; Kruszewski S.P.; Alexander G.C.; Ambulatory diagnosis and treatment of nonmalignant pain in the United States, 2000-2010. Med Care 2013,51(10),870-878","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"ref=37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.07.027","volume":"123","author":"Wang K.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang K.; Wu M.; Xu J.; Wu C.; Zhang B.; Wang G.; Ma D.; Effects of dexmedetomidine on perioperative stress, inflammation, and immune function: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth 2019,123(6),777-794","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"ref=38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2018.10.004","volume":"72","author":"Li F.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li F.; Wang X.; Deng Z.; Zhang X.; Gao P.; Liu H.; Dexmedetomidine reduces oxidative stress and provides neuroprotection in a model of traumatic brain injury via the PGC-1\u03b1 signaling pathway. Neuropeptides 2018,72,58-64","journal-title":"Neuropeptides"},{"key":"ref=39","first-page":"15","volume":"1","author":"Wang Y.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang Y.; Han R.; Zuo Z.; Dexmedetomidine-induced neuroprotection: is it translational? Transl Perioper Pain Med 2016,1(4),15-19","journal-title":"Transl Perioper Pain Med"},{"key":"ref=40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.10.010","volume":"21","author":"Tasdogan M.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tasdogan M.; Memis D.; Sut N.; Yuksel M.; Results of a pilot study on the effects of propofol and dexmedetomidine on inflammatory responses and intraabdominal pressure in severe sepsis. J Clin Anesth 2009,21(6),394-400","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"ref=41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1097\/ANA.0b013e31826318af","volume":"25","author":"Bekker A.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bekker A.; Haile M.; Kline R.; Didehvar S.; Babu R.; Martiniuk F.; Urban M.; The effect of intraoperative infusion of dexmedetomidine on the quality of recovery after major spinal surgery. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2013,25(1),16-24","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol"},{"key":"ref=42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060516671623","volume":"44","author":"Zhou C.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhou C.; Zhu Y.; Liu Z.; Ruan L.; Effect of dexmedetomidine on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients after general anaesthesia: A meta-analysis. J Int Med Res 2016,44(6),1182-1190","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"ref=43","first-page":"14","volume":"81","year":"2014","unstructured":"General Assembly of the World Medical Association World medical association declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. J Am Coll Dent 2014,81(3),14-18","journal-title":"J Am Coll Dent"},{"key":"ref=44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.4068\/cmj.2017.53.2.127","volume":"53","author":"Memary E.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Memary E.; Mirkheshti A.; Dabbagh A.; Taheri M.; Khadempour A.; Shirian S.; The effect of perineural administration of dexmedetomidine on narcotic consumption and pain intensity in patients undergoing femoral shaft fracture surgery; A randomized single-blind clinical trial. Chonnam Med J 2017,53(2),127-132","journal-title":"Chonnam Med J"},{"key":"ref=45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199907000-00022","volume":"27","author":"Riker R.R.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Riker R.R.; Picard J.T.; Fraser G.L.; Prospective evaluation of the sedation-agitation scale for adult critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 1999,27(7),1325-1329","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref=46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2017.0110","volume":"114","author":"Feinkohl I.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Feinkohl I.; Winterer G.; Spies C.D.; Pischon T.; Cognitive reserve and the risk of postoperative cognitive dysfunction - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2017,114(7),110-117","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"ref=47","author":"Age U.K.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Age U.K.; House T.; Dementia: Supporting People with Dementia and Their Carers in Health and Social Care 2015"},{"key":"ref=48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196951040-00012","volume":"51","author":"Harris W.H.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Harris W.H.; Traumatic arthritis of the hip after dislocation and acetabular fractures: treatment by mold arthroplasty. An end-result study using a new method of result evaluation. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1969,51(4),737-755","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"ref=49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.7.4.524","volume":"7","author":"Sullivan M.J.L.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sullivan M.J.L.; Bishop S.R.; Pivik J.; The pain catastrophizing scale: Development and validation. Psychol Assess 1995,7(4),524-532","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"ref=50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025570508954","volume":"20","author":"Osman A.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Osman A.; Barrios F.X.; Kopper B.A.; Hauptmann W.; Jones J.; O\u2019Neill E.; Factor structure, reliability, and validity of the pain catastrophizing Scale. J Behav Med 1997,20(6),589-605","journal-title":"J Behav Med"},{"key":"ref=51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1155\/2002\/517163","volume":"7","author":"McCracken L.M.","year":"2002","unstructured":"McCracken L.M.; Dhingra L.; A short version of the pain anxiety symptoms scale (PASS-20): Preliminary development and validity. Pain Res Manag 2002,7(1),45-50","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"key":"ref=52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(92)90113-P","volume":"50","author":"McCracken L.M.","year":"1992","unstructured":"McCracken L.M.; Zayfert C.; Gross R.T.; The Pain anxiety symptoms scale: development and validation of a scale to measure fear of pain. Pain 1992,50(1),67-73","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref=53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet014","volume":"111","author":"Gornall B.F.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gornall B.F.; Myles P.S.; Smith C.L.; Burke J.A.; Leslie K.; Pereira M.J.; Bost J.E.; Kluivers K.B.; Nilsson U.G.; Tanaka Y.; Forbes A.; Measurement of quality of recovery using the QoR-40: A quantitative systematic review. Br J Anaesth 2013,111(2),161-169","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"ref=54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MLR.0000093487.78664.3C","volume":"41","author":"Kroenke K.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kroenke K.; Spitzer R.L.; Williams J.B.W.; The patient health questionnaire-2: Validity of a two-item depression screener. Med Care 2003,41(11),1284-1292","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"ref=55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199346020-00008","volume":"46","author":"Lee C.R.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lee C.R.; McTavish D.; Sorkin E.M.; Tramadol. A preliminary review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in acute and chronic pain states. Drugs 1993,46(2),313-340","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref=56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198507113130205","volume":"313","author":"Foley K.M.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Foley K.M.; The treatment of cancer pain. N Engl J Med 1985,313(2),84-95","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref=57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200309000-00002","volume":"19","author":"Gammaitoni A.R.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gammaitoni A.R.; Fine P.; Alvarez N.; McPherson M.L.; Bergmark S.; Clinical application of opioid equianalgesic data. Clin J Pain 2003,19(5),286-297","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"ref=58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.D.01907","volume":"87","author":"Ring D.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ring D.; Kadzielski J.; Malhotra L.; Lee S.G.P.; Jupiter J.B.; Psychological factors associated with idiopathic arm pain: A rabbit hip model. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2005,87(2),374-380","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"ref=59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.01512","volume":"91","author":"Vranceanu A.M.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vranceanu A.M.; Barsky A.; Ring D.; Psychosocial aspects of disabling musculoskeletal pain. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2009,91(8),2014-2018","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"ref=60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.00479","volume":"96","author":"Vranceanu A.M.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vranceanu A.M.; Bachoura A.; Weening A.; Vrahas M.; Smith R.M.; Ring D.; Psychological factors predict disability and pain intensity after skeletal trauma. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2014,96(3)","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"ref=61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.01406","volume":"96","author":"Helmerhorst G.T.T.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Helmerhorst G.T.T.; Vranceanu A.M.; Vrahas M.; Smith M.; Ring D.; Risk factors for continued opioid use one to two months after surgery for musculoskeletal trauma. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2014,96(6),495-499","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"ref=62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003348.pub3","volume":"2015","author":"Mcnicol E.D.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mcnicol E.D.; Ferguson M.C.; Hudcova J.; Patient controlled opioid analgesia versus non-patient controlled opioid analgesia for postoperative pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015,2015(6)","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref=63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2012.01322.x","volume":"19","author":"Birnbaum A.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Birnbaum A.; Schechter C.; Tufaro V.; Touger R.; Gallagher E.J.; Bijur P.; Efficacy of patient-controlled analgesia for patients with acute abdominal pain in the emergency department: a randomized trial. Acad Emerg Med [Internet].2012,19(4),370-377","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref=64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0b013e328330373a","volume":"22","author":"Buvanendran A.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Buvanendran A.; Kroin J.S.; Multimodal analgesia for controlling acute postoperative pain. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2009,22(5),588-593","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"ref=65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001012","volume":"124","author":"Kharasch E.D.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kharasch E.D.; Michael Brunt L.; Perioperative opioids and public health. Anesthesiology 2016,124(4),960-965","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"ref=66","first-page":"569","volume":"20","author":"Peng K.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Peng K.; Zhang J.; Meng X.W.; Liu H.Y.J.F.; Ji F.H.; Optimization of postoperative intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with opioid-dexmedetomidine combinations: An updated meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pain Physician 2017,20(7),569-596","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"ref=67","first-page":"375","volume":"33","author":"Shi Q.Q.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shi Q.Q.; Wang H.; Fang H.; Dose-response and mechanism of protective functions of selective alpha-2 agonist dexmedetomidine on acute lung injury in rats. Saudi Med J 2012,33(4),375-381","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"ref=68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2011.07008.x","author":"Van Harten A.E.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Van Harten A.E.; Scheeren T.W.L.; Absalom A.R.;  A review of postoperative cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation associated with cardiac surgery and anaesthesia Anaesth Anaesth, 2012,280-293","journal-title":"A review of postoperative cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation associated with cardiac surgery and anaesthesia Anaesth Anaesth,"},{"key":"ref=69","first-page":"4601","volume":"8","author":"Chen W.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen W.; Liu B.; Zhang F.; Xue P.; Cui R.; Lei W.; The effects of dexmedetomidine on post-operative cognitive dysfunction and inflammatory factors in senile patients. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015,8(3),4601-4605","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"ref=70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001348","volume":"94","author":"Ren C.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ren C.; Chi M.; Zhang Y.; Zhang Z.; Qi F.; Liu Z.; Dexmedetomidine in postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing hysterectomy: A CONSORT-prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Med (United States) 2015,94(32)","journal-title":"Med (United States)"},{"key":"ref=71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31825681cb","volume":"116","author":"Blaudszun G.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Blaudszun G.; Lysakowski C.; Elia N.; Tram\u00e8r M.R.; Effect of perioperative systemic \u03b12 agonists on postoperative morphine consumption and pain intensity: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Anesthesiology 2012,116(6),1312-1322","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"ref=72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3058","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2019.10611","volume":"18","author":"Zhang J.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang J.; Liu G.; Zhang F.; Fang H.; Zhang D.; Liu S.; Analysis of postoperative cognitive dysfunction and influencing factors of dexmedetomidine anesthesia in elderly patients with colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2019,18(3),3058-3064","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"ref=73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2018.0672","volume":"153","author":"H\u00e4lleberg Nyman M.","year":"2018","unstructured":"H\u00e4lleberg Nyman M.; Nilsson U.; Dahlberg K.; Jaensson M.; Association between functional health literacy and postoperative recovery, health care contacts, and health-related quality of life among patients undergoing day surgery secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Surg 2018,153(8),738-745","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"ref=74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2020.109849","volume":"65","author":"Miao M.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Miao M.; Xu Y.; Li B.; Chang E.; Zhang L.; Zhang J.; Intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine and quality of recovery after elective surgery in adult patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Anesth 2020,65","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"ref=75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2019.7155","volume":"17","author":"Jiang M.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jiang M.; Sun Q.; Liu G.; Qu H.; Ma J.; Efficacy of dexmedetomidine in reducing post-operative pain and improving the quality of recovery in patients with burn wounds undergoing tangential excision skin grafting. Exp Ther Med 2019,17(3),1776-1782","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"ref=76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002854","volume":"95","author":"Lee S.H.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee S.H.; Lee C.Y.; Lee J.G.; Kim N.; Lee H.M.; Oh Y.J.; Intraoperative dexmedetomidine improves the quality of recovery and postoperative pulmonary function in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery a CONSORT-prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016,95(7)","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref=77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14606","volume":"74","author":"Cheng X.Q.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cheng X.Q.; Mei B.; Zuo Y.M.; Wu H.; Peng X.H.; Zhao Q.; Liu X.S.; Gu E.; A multicentre randomised controlled trial of the effect of intra-operative dexmedetomidine on cognitive decline after surgery. Anaesthesia 2019,74(6),741-750","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"ref=78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000015383","volume":"98","author":"Yang W.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang W.; Kong L.S.; Zhu X.X.; Wang R.X.; Liu Y.; Chen L.R.; Effect of dexmedetomidine on postoperative cognitive dysfunction and inflammation in patients after general anaesthesia: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019,98(18)","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref=79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3182452df5","volume":"72","author":"Archer K.R.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Archer K.R.; Castillo R.C.; Wegener S.T.; Abraham C.M.; Obremskey W.T.; Pain and satisfaction in hospitalized trauma patients: The importance of self-efficacy and psychological distress. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2012,72(4),1068-1077","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"ref=80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2014.09.003","volume":"56","author":"Nota S.P.F.T.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nota S.P.F.T.; Spit S.A.; Voskuyl T.; Bot A.G.J.; Hageman M.G.J.S.; Ring D.; Opioid use, satisfaction, and pain intensity after orthopedic surgery. Psychosomatics 2015,56(5),479-485","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"ref=81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2014.03.003","volume":"14","author":"Wertli M.M.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wertli M.M.; Eugster R.; Held U.; Steurer J.; Kofmehl R.; Weiser S.; Catastrophizing-a prognostic factor for outcome in patients with low back pain: a systematic review. Spine J 2014,14(11),2639-2657","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"ref=82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2014.02.033","volume":"14","author":"Wertli M.M.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wertli M.M.; Rasmussen-Barr E.; Held U.; Weiser S.; Bachmann L.M.; Brunner F.; Fear-avoidance beliefs-a moderator of treatment efficacy in patients with low back pain: A systematic review. Spine J 2014,14(11),2658-2678","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"ref=83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.17.00149","volume":"99","author":"Helmerhorst G.T.T.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Helmerhorst G.T.T.; Zwiers R.; Ring D.; Kloen P.; Pain relief after operative treatment of an extremity fracture a noninferiority randomized controlled trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2017,99(22),1908-1915","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"ref=84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2012.08.018","volume":"43","author":"Helmerhorst G.T.T.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Helmerhorst G.T.T.; Lindenhovius A.L.C.; Vrahas M.; Ring D.; Kloen P.; Satisfaction with pain relief after operative treatment of an ankle fracture. Injury 2012,43(11),1958-1961","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref=85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.0889","volume":"321","author":"Rubin R.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rubin R.; Best practices for pain management. JAMA 2019,321(8),734","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref=86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.15802","volume":"322","author":"Wood E.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wood E.; Simel D.L.; Klimas J.; Pain management with opioids in 2019-2020. JAMA 2019,322(19),1912-1913","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["Current Drug Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/article\/download?doi=10.2174\/1389200222666211118115347","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/198079\/article","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/article\/download?doi=10.2174\/1389200222666211118115347","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T18:21:07Z","timestamp":1692037267000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/198079\/article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["LiveAll1"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1389200222666211118115347","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-2002"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-2002","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Peer Reviewed","order":0,"name":"review_status","label":"Review Status","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review Process","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Checked with iThenticate","order":0,"name":"screening_status","label":"Screening Status","group":{"name":"plagiarism_screening","label":"Plagiarism Screening"}},{"value":"2021-05-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-08-21","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-05-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}