{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:40Z","timestamp":1776384040808,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"12","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007414","name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, Qassim University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3059"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007414","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["eurekaselect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CPB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of the aqueous extract of\nTinospora cordifolia (AETC) against cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression and systemic\nCandida albicans infection in a murine model.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The protective effect of AETC against cyclophosphamide-induced leukopenia was evaluated\nby quantitative and qualitative analysis of the leukocytes. The immune-stimulating potential of AETC\non macrophages was assessed by determining the levels of secreted cytokines. To determine the direct\nantifungal activity, AETC or fluconazole was administered to C. albicans infected mice. The efficacy\nof treatment was assessed by determining the survival rate, kidney fungal burden, the organ index and\nliver inflammation parameters.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cyclophosphamide administration resulted in substantial depletion of leukocytes, whereas\nAETC treatment induced the recovery of leukocytes in cyclophosphamide-injected mice. Moreover,\nAETC treatment of macrophages resulted in enhanced secretion of IFN-\u03b3, TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2. C. albicans\ninfected mice treated with AETC at the doses of 50 and 100 mg\/kg exhibited 40% and 60% survival\nrate, whereas the mice treated with fluconazole at a dose of 50 mg\/kg showed 20% survival rate.\nLike survival data, the fungal load was found to be the lowest in the kidney tissues of mice treated with\nAETC at a dose of 100 mg\/kg. Interestingly, mice infected with C. albicans demonstrated improvement\nin the organ indices and liver functioning after AETC treatment.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>These results suggest that AETC may potentially be used to rejuvenate the weakened\nimmune system and eliminate systemic candidiasis in mice.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1389201019666190722151126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]],"date-time":"2019-07-23T05:00:57Z","timestamp":1563858057000},"page":"1055-1063","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Tinospora cordifolia Aqueous Extract Alleviates Cyclophosphamide- Induced Immune Suppression, Toxicity and Systemic Candidiasis in Immunosuppressed Mice: In vivo Study in Comparison to Antifungal Drug Fluconazole"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0850-5500","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Faris","family":"Alrumaihi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6486-9835","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Khaled S.","family":"Allemailem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1491-6402","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ahmad","family":"Almatroudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed A.","family":"Alsahli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4528-2668","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Arif","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4031-4189","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Masood A.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.14.2.117","volume":"14","author":"Alekshun M.N.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Alekshun M.N.; New advances in antibiotic development and discovery. 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