{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T08:40:36Z","timestamp":1777365636168,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":142,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["eurekaselect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CPB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title\/><jats:p>Helicobacter pylori, a pathogenic bacterium, has been known to be the root cause of numerous gastrointestinal disorders. In patients showing symptoms of its infection, antibiotic therapy is a likely treatment. However, the high cost of antibiotic therapy, associated antibiotic resistance along with other adverse effects has led to the use of probiotics for Helicobacter pylori treatment. In recent times, probiotics have played an essential role as complementary prophylaxis for gastrointestinal diseases, thus minimizing antibiotics\u2019 usage and their side effects. Probiotics are live microbial agents that exude beneficial effects on their hosts when administered in the proper dosage. The growth of the organism has been reported to be inhibited to a great extent by probiotics and research employing animal models has shown a significant reduction in H. pylori-associated gastric inflammation. In human clinical trials, it has been observed that treatment with probiotics alleviated gastritis symptoms caused by H. pylori and reduced colonization of the organism. As expected, complete eradication of H. pylori infection has not yet been reported by the administration of probiotics alone. Complement treatments using probiotics have shown to benefit infected individuals by decreasing the harmful effects of H. pylori eradication treatment using antibiotics. Long-term administration of probiotics might have favourable outcomes in H. pylori infection especially by decreasing the risk of development of diseases caused by increased levels of gastric inflammation. One such chronic condition is gastric ulcer which occurs due to considerable damage to the mucosal barrier by H. pylori colonization. This review provides a brief description of the promising role of probiotics as a complementary treatment to control H. pylori infection and consequently the management of various gastrointestinal disorders among populations with a special focus on gastric ulcer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1389201020666190227203107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]],"date-time":"2019-03-04T12:03:15Z","timestamp":1551700995000},"page":"137-145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Role of Probiotics in Prophylaxis of Helicobacter pylori Infection"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Kashyapi","family":"Chakravarty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Sector - 62, Noida, U.P, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Smriti","family":"Gaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Sector - 62, Noida, U.P, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2013.03.010","volume":"47","author":"Patel A.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Patel A, Shah N, Prajapati JB. Clinical application of probiotics in the treatment of infection-a brief review.","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"ref=2","first-page":"3","volume":"16","author":"Go M.F.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Go MF. Natural history and epidemiology of infection.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref=3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.3.812S","volume":"137","author":"Lesbros-Pantoflickova D.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lesbros-Pantoflickova D, Corthesy-Theulaz I, Blum AL. and probiotics.","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"ref=4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00054-05","volume":"19","author":"Kusters J.G.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kusters JG, van Vliet AHM, Kuipers EJ. Pathogenesis of infection.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref=5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a018040","volume":"22","author":"Brown L.M.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brown LM. : Epidemiology and routes of transmission.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"key":"ref=6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2002.01169.x","volume":"16","author":"Malfertheiner P.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, O\u2019Morain C, Hungin APS, Jones R, Axon A, Graham DY, Tytgat G. Current concepts in the management of infection-the Maastricht 2-2000 Consensus Report.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref=7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70627-2","volume":"6","author":"Gerrits M.M.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gerrits MM, van Vliet AHM, Kuipers EJ, Kusters JG. and antimicrobial resistance: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref=8"},{"key":"ref=9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)91816-6","volume":"323","author":"Marshall B.J.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Marshall BJ, Warren JR. Unidentified curved bacilli in the stomach of patients with gastritis and peptic ulceration.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref=10","first-page":"57","volume":"3","author":"Ghotaslou R.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ghotaslou R, Milani M, Akhi MT, Nahaei MR, Hasani A, Hejazi MS, Meshkini M. Diversity of and genes and its relationship with clinical outcomes in Azerbaijan, Iran.","journal-title":"Adv Pharm Bull"},{"key":"ref=11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8883","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2014.15.20.8883","volume":"15","author":"Dadashzadeh K.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dadashzadeh K, Milani M, Rahmati M, Akbarzadeh A. Real-Time PCR detection of 16S rRNA novel mutations associated with tetracycline resistance in Iran.","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"ref=12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-015-5085-5","volume":"53","author":"Lee J.H.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee JH, Jun SH, Kim J-M, Baik SC, Lee JC. Morphological changes in human gastric epithelial cells induced by nuclear targeting of urease subunit A.","journal-title":"J Microbiol"},{"key":"ref=13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.00348.x","volume":"101","author":"Hellmig S.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hellmig S, Ott S, Rosenstiel P, F\u00f6lsch UR, Hampe J, Schreiber S. Genetic variants in matrix metalloproteinase genes are associated with development of gastric ulcer in infection.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref=14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7297","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007297","volume":"4","author":"Lehours P.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lehours P, Zheng Z, Skoglund A, M\u00e9graud F, Engstrand L. Is there a link between the lipopolysaccharide of gastric MALT lymphoma associated strains and lymphoma pathogenesis?","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref=15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa001999","volume":"345","author":"Uemura N.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Uemura N, Okamoto S, Yamamoto S, Matsumura N, Yamaguchi S, Yamakido M, Taniyama K, Sasaki N, Schlemper RJ. infection and the development of gastric cancer.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref=16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.5455\/medarh.2015.69.133-134","volume":"69","author":"Salihefendic N.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Salihefendic N, Zildzic M, Cabric E. A New approach to the management of uninvestigated dyspepsia in primary care.","journal-title":"Med Arh"},{"key":"ref=17","first-page":"88","volume":"67","author":"Kafshdooz T.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kafshdooz T, Akbarzadeh A, Seghinsara AM, Pourhassan M, Nasrabadi HT, Milani M. Role of probiotics in managing of infection: A review.","journal-title":"Drug Res"},{"key":"ref=18","first-page":"6530","volume":"8","author":"Gong Y.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gong Y, Li Y, Sun Q. Probiotics improve efficacy and tolerability of triple therapy to eradicate : A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"ref=19","first-page":"319","volume":"49","author":"Richter J.E.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Richter JE. : The bug is not all bad.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref=20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9464","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)38872-6","volume":"265","author":"Dunn B.E.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Dunn BE, Campbell GP, Perez-Perez GI, Blaser MJ. Purification and characterization of urease from","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref=21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200010000-00006","volume":"31","author":"Tokunaga Y.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tokunaga Y, Shirahase H, Hoppou T, Kitaoka A, Tokuka A, Ohsumi K. Density of infection evaluated semiquantitatively in gastric cancer.","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref=22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.45.6.804","volume":"45","author":"Yamaoka Y.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yamaoka Y, Kodama T, Kita M, Imanishi J, Kashima K, Graham D. Relation between clinical presentation, density, interleukin 1\u03b2 and 8 production, and status.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref=23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6068","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules20046068","volume":"20","author":"Miftahussurur M.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Miftahussurur M, Yamaoka Y. Appropriate first-line regimens to combat antibiotic resistance: An Asian perspective.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref=24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2901","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-015-3712-y","volume":"60","author":"Yazbek P.B.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yazbek PB, Trindade AB, Chin CM, Dos Santos JL. Challenges to the treatment and new perspectives for the eradication of","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref=25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii54","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.50.suppl_3.iii54","volume":"50","author":"Isolauri E.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Isolauri E, Kirjavainen PV, Salminen S. Probiotics: A role in the treatment of intestinal infection and inflammation?","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref=26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s51","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2002629","volume":"88","author":"Marteau P.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Marteau P, Seksik P, Jian R. Probiotics and intestinal health effects: a clinical perspective.","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"ref=27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.132514","volume":"56","author":"Megraud F.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Megraud F. and antibiotic resistance.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref=28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i3.673","volume":"20","author":"Pacifico L.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pacifico L, Osborn JF, Bonci E, Romaggioli S, Baldini R, Chiesa C. Probiotics for the treatment of infection in children.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref=29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10644","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i37.10644","volume":"21","author":"Homan M.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Homan M, Orel R. Are probiotics useful in eradication?","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref=30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2015.06.002","volume":"39","author":"Kao C-Y.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kao C-Y, Sheu B-S, Wu J-J. infection: An overview of bacterial virulence factors and pathogenesis.","journal-title":"Biomed J"},{"key":"ref=31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60938-7","volume":"374","author":"Malfertheiner P.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Malfertheiner P, Chan FKL, McColl KEL. Peptic ulcer disease.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref=32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02347631","volume":"31","author":"Hirayama F.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hirayama F, Takagi S, Kusuhara H, Iwao E, Yokoyama Y, Ikeda Y. Induction of gastric ulcer and intestinal metaplasia in infected with","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref=33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1159\/000104167","volume":"20","author":"Wang G-Z.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wang G-Z, Huang G-P, Yin G-L, Zhou G, Guo C-J, Xie C-G, Jia B-B, Wang J-F. Aspirin can elicit the recurrence of gastric ulcer induced with acetic acid in rats.","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"ref=34","first-page":"126","volume":"19","author":"Tarnawski A.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tarnawski A, Ahluwalia A, Jones MK. Gastric cytoprotection beyond prostaglandins: Cellular and molecular mechanisms of gastroprotective and ulcer healing actions of antacids.","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"ref=35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4954","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i16.4954","volume":"21","author":"Hwang J.J.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hwang JJ, Lee DH, Lee A-R, Yoon H, Shin CM, Park YS, Kim N. Characteristics of gastric cancer in peptic ulcer patients with infection.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref=36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60596-6","volume":"381","author":"Lau J.Y.W.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lau JYW, Barkun A, Fan D-m, Kuipers EJ, Yang Y-s, Chan FKL. Challenges in the management of acute peptic ulcer bleeding.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref=37","first-page":"20","volume":"31","author":"Ta\u015f \u0130.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ta\u015f \u0130, \u00dclger BV, \u00d6nder A, Kapan M, Bozda\u011f Z. Risk factors influencing morbidity and mortality in perforated peptic ulcer disease.","journal-title":"Ulus Cerrahi Derg"},{"key":"ref=38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1159\/000358112","volume":"32","author":"Malfertheiner P.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Malfertheiner P. infection-management from a European perspective.","journal-title":"Dig Dis"},{"key":"ref=39","first-page":"G745","volume":"266","author":"Karam S.M.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Karam SM, Forte JG. Inhibiting gastric H(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity by omeprazole promotes degeneration and production of parietal cells.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"ref=40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2011.00402.x","volume":"69","author":"Wallace T.C.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wallace TC, Guarner F, Madsen K, Cabana MD, Gibson G, Hentges E, Sanders ME. Human gut microbiota and its relationship to health and disease.","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"ref=41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.5662\/wjm.v5.i3.164","volume":"5","author":"Ghotaslou R.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ghotaslou R, Leylabadlo HE, Asl YM. Prevalence of antibiotic resistance in : A recent literature review.","journal-title":"World J Methodol"},{"key":"ref=42","first-page":"S1","volume":"10","author":"Howden C.W.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Howden CW, Chey WD, Vakil NB. Clinical rationale for confirmation testing after treatment of infection: Implications of rising antibiotic resistance.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y)"},{"key":"ref=43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4811","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i35.4811","volume":"18","author":"Arakawa T.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Arakawa T, Watanabe T, Tanigawa T, Tominaga K, Fujiwara Y, Morimoto K. Quality of ulcer healing in gastrointestinal tract: Its pathophysiology and clinical relevance.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref=44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S139","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-199001001-00024","volume":"12","author":"Tarnawski A.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Tarnawski A, Hollander D, Krause WJ, Dabros W, Stachura J, Gergely H. \u2018Healed\u2019 experimental gastric ulcers remain histologically and ultrastructurally abnormal.","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref=45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.48.6.774","volume":"48","author":"Watanabe T.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Watanabe T, Higuchi K, Tominaga K, Fujiwara Y, Arakawa T. Acid regulates inflammatory response in a rat model of induction of gastric ulcer recurrence by interleukin 1beta.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref=46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2016.3293","volume":"12","author":"Khoder G.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Khoder G, Al-Menhali AA, Al-Yassir F, Karam SM. Potential role of probiotics in the management of gastric ulcer.","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"ref=47","first-page":"G425","volume":"275","author":"Elliott S.N.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Elliott SN, Buret A, McKnight W, Miller MJS, Wallace JL. Bacteria rapidly colonize and modulate healing of gastric ulcers in rats.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"ref=48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1126\/science.147.3659.747","volume":"147","author":"Lilly D.M.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Lilly DM, Stillwell RH. Probiotics: Growth-promoting factors produced by microorganisms.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref=49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62018-2","volume":"380","author":"Podolsky S.H.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Podolsky SH. Metchnikoff and the microbiome.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref=50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2014.66","volume":"11","author":"Hill C.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hill C, Guarner F, Reid G, Gibson GR, Merenstein DJ, Pot B, Morelli L, Canani RB, Flint HJ, Salminen S, Calder PC, Sanders ME. Expert consensus document. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref=51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.06.075","volume":"141","author":"Wallace J.L.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wallace JL, Syer S, Denou E, de Palma G, Vong L, McKnight W, Jury J, Bolla M, Bercik P, Collins SM, Verdu E, Ongini E. Proton pump inhibitors exacerbate NSAID-induced small intestinal injury by inducing dysbiosis.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref=52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S399","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/73.2.399s","volume":"73","author":"Bezkorovainy A.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bezkorovainy A. Probiotics: Determinants of survival and growth in the gut.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref=53","first-page":"72","volume":"17","author":"Cain A.M.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cain AM, Karpa KD. Clinical utility of probiotics in inflammatory bowel disease.","journal-title":"Altern Ther Health Med"},{"key":"ref=54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H244","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3841.2010.01787.x","volume":"75","author":"Hong W-S.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hong W-S, Chen Y-P, Chen M-J. The antiallergic effect of kefir lactobacilli.","journal-title":"J Food Sci"},{"key":"ref=55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S444","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/73.2.444s","volume":"73","author":"Isolauri E.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Isolauri E, S\u00fctas Y, Kankaanp\u00e4 P, Arvilommi H, Salminen S. Probiotics: Effects on immunity.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref=56","first-page":"491740","author":"Shyu P.T.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shyu PT, Oyong GG, Cabrera EC. Cytotoxicity of probiotics from Philippine commercial dairy products on cancer cells and the effect on expression of and early apoptotic-promoting genes and and proinflammatory cytokine genes.","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"ref=57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.100287","volume":"74","author":"Uchida M.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Uchida M, Shimizu K, Kurakazu K. Yogurt containing OLL 2716 (LG21 yogurt) accelerated the healing of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in rats.","journal-title":"Biosci Biotechnol Biochem"},{"key":"ref=58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.FPJ04027X","volume":"96","author":"Uchida M.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Uchida M, Kurakazu K. Yogurt containing OLL2716 exerts gastroprotective action against acute gastric lesion and antral ulcer in rats.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"ref=59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.2011.01397.x","volume":"64","author":"Singh P.K.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Singh PK, Kaur IP. Synbiotic (probiotic and ginger extract) loaded floating beads: A novel therapeutic option in an experimental paradigm of gastric ulcer.","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref=60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1039\/C1FO10100E","volume":"3","author":"Singh P.K.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Singh PK, Deol PK, Kaur IP. Entrapment of into alginate beads for the effective treatment of cold restraint stress induced gastric ulcer.","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"ref=61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2007.02.050","volume":"565","author":"Lam E.K.Y.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lam EKY, Yu L, Wong HPS, Wu WKK, Shin VY, Tai EKK, So WHL, Woo PCY, Cho CH. Probiotic GG enhances gastric ulcer healing in rats.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref=62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e58671","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058671","volume":"8","author":"Dharmani P.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dharmani P, De Simone C, Chadee K. The probiotic mixture VSL#3 accelerates gastric ulcer healing by stimulating vascular endothelial growth factor.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref=63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.03.018","volume":"80","author":"Lam E.K.Y.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lam EKY, Tai EKK, Koo MWL, Wong HPS, Wu WKK, Yu L, So WHL, Woo PCY, Cho CH. Enhancement of gastric mucosal integrity by GG.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"ref=64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.05.012","volume":"96","author":"Timmerman H.M.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Timmerman HM, Koning CJM, Mulder L, Rombouts FM, Beynen AC. Monostrain, multistrain and multispecies probiotics a comparison of functionality and efficacy.","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"ref=65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.15403\/jgld.2014.1121.fly","volume":"24","author":"Flatley E.A.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Flatley EA, Wilde AM, Nailor MD. for the prevention of hospital onset infection.","journal-title":"J Gastrointestin Liver Dis"},{"key":"ref=66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1159\/000275146","volume":"85","author":"Girard P.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Girard P, Copp\u00e9 MC, Pansart Y, Gillardin JM. Gastroprotective effect of in a rat model of ibuprofen-induced gastric ulcer.","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"ref=67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12237","volume":"122","author":"Sakarya S.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sakarya S, Gunay N. expresses neuraminidase activity selective for \u03b12,3-linked sialic acid that decreases adhesion to host cells.","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"ref=68","first-page":"39","volume":"6","author":"Aragon G.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aragon G, Graham DB, Borum M, Doman DB. Probiotic therapy for irritable bowel syndrome.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref=69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.25","volume":"104","author":"Brenner D.M.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brenner DM, Moeller MJ, Chey WD, Schoenfeld PS. The utility of probiotics in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref=70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.167270","volume":"59","author":"Moayyedi P.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Moayyedi P, Ford AC, Talley NJ, Cremonini F, Foxx-Orenstein AE, Brandt LJ, Quigley EM. The efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref=71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e31823712b1","volume":"46","author":"Cha B.K.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cha BK, Jung SM, Choi CH, Song I-D, Lee HW, Kim HJ, Hyuk J, Chang SK, Kim K, Chung W-S, Seo J-G. The effect of a multispecies probiotic mixture on the symptoms and fecal microbiota in diarrhea-dominant irritable bowel syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref=72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-10-110","volume":"10","author":"Lyra A.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lyra A, Krogius-Kurikka L, Nikkil\u00e4 J, Malinen E, Kajander K, Kurikka K, Korpela R, Palva A. Effect of a multispecies probiotic supplement on quantity of irritable bowel syndrome related intestinal microbial phylotypes.","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref=73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1177\/0394632015590948","volume":"28","author":"Fuochi V.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fuochi V, Petronio GP, Lissandrello E, Furneri PM. Evaluation of resistance to low pH and bile salts of human spp. isolates.","journal-title":"Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref=74","first-page":"2","volume":"30","author":"Lankaputhra W.E.V.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lankaputhra WEV, Shah NP. Survival of and spp. in the presence of acid and bile salts.","journal-title":"Cultured Dairy Prod J"},{"key":"ref=75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.1.78","volume":"55","author":"Pochart P.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Pochart P, Marteau P, Bouhnik Y, Goderel I, Bourlioux P, Rambaud J-C. Survival of bifidobacteria ingested fermented milk during their passage through the human small intestine: An study using intestinal perfusion.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref=76","first-page":"11","volume":"28","author":"Clark P.A.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Clark PA, Cotton LN, Martin JH. Selection of bifidobacteria for use as dietary adjuncts in cultured dairy foods: II-Tolerance to simulated pH of human stomachs.","journal-title":"Cultured Dairy Prod J"},{"key":"ref=77","author":"Costelloe M.","year":"","unstructured":""},{"key":"ref=78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.67.3.429-453.2003","volume":"67","author":"Cotter P.D.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cotter PD, Hill C. Surviving the acid test: Responses of Gram-positive bacteria to low pH.","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"ref=79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1994.tb07048.x","volume":"120","author":"Rius N.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rius N, Sol\u00e9 M, Francia A, Lor\u00e9n J-G. Buffering capacity and membrane H+ conductance of lactic acid bacteria.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"ref=80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-011-3609-4","volume":"93","author":"Chen S.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen S, Zhao Q, Ferguson LR, Shu Q, Weir I, Garg S. Development of a novel probiotic delivery system based on microencapsulation with protectants.","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref=81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.12762","volume":"118","author":"Haghshenas B.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Haghshenas B, Abdullah N, Nami Y, Radiah D, Rosli R, Khosroushahi AY. Microencapsulation of probiotic bacteria 15HN using alginate-psyllium-fenugreek polymeric blends.","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"ref=82","first-page":"39","volume":"3","author":"Kailasapathy K.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kailasapathy K. Microencapsulation of probiotic bacteria: Technology and potential applications.","journal-title":"Curr Issues Intest Microbiol"},{"key":"ref=83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2015.03.078","volume":"487","author":"Villena M.J.M.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Villena MJM, Lara Villoslada F, Mart\u00ednez MAR, Hern\u00e1ndez MEM. Development of gastro-resistant tablets for the protection and intestinal delivery of CECT 5716.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"ref=84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5962","DOI":"10.1021\/am501011j","volume":"6","author":"Mei L.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mei L, He F, Zhou R-Q, Wu C-D, Liang R, Xie R, Ju X-J, Wang W, Chu L-Y. Novel intestinal-targeted Ca-alginate-based carrier for pH-responsive protection and release of lactic acid bacteria.","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"key":"ref=85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2011.0007","volume":"2","author":"Zhao Q.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhao Q, Lee S, Mutukumira A, Maddox I, Shu Q. Viability and delivery of immobilised DPC16 within calcium alginate gel systems during sequential passage through simulated gastrointestinal fluids.","journal-title":"Benef Microbes"},{"key":"ref=86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422410000090","volume":"23","author":"Adams C.A.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Adams CA. The probiotic paradox: Live and dead cells are biological response modifiers.","journal-title":"Nutr Res Rev"},{"key":"ref=87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2846","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(06)72557-7","volume":"89","author":"Sashihara T.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sashihara T, Sueki N, Ikegami S. An analysis of the effectiveness of heat-killed lactic acid bacteria in alleviating allergic diseases.","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"ref=88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/135.7.1752","volume":"135","author":"Zhang L.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zhang L, Li N, Caicedo R, Neu J. Alive and dead GG decrease tumor necrosis factor-induced interleukin- 8 production in Caco-2 cells.","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"ref=89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s12263-011-0218-x","volume":"6","author":"Taverniti V.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Taverniti V, Guglielmetti S. The immunomodulatory properties of probiotic microorganisms beyond their viability (ghost probiotics: Proposal of paraprobiotic concept).","journal-title":"Genes Nutr"},{"key":"ref=90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-63.5.638","volume":"63","author":"Wagner R.D.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wagner RD, Pierson C, Warner T, Dohnalek M, Hilty M, Balish E. Probiotic effects of feeding heat-killed and to -colonized immunodeficient mice.","journal-title":"J Food Prot"},{"key":"ref=91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.1998.tb00401.x","volume":"4","author":"Fuller R.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Fuller R, Gibson GR. Probiotics and prebiotics: Microflora management for improved gut health.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"ref=92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.2.396S","volume":"130","author":"Rolfe R.D.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rolfe RD. The role of probiotic cultures in the control of gastrointestinal health.","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"ref=93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.59.2.171-200.1995","volume":"59","author":"Jack R.W.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jack RW, Tagg JR, Ray B. Bacteriocins of Gram-positive bacteria.","journal-title":"Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref=94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.1993.tb00012.x","volume":"12","author":"Klaenhammer T.R.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Klaenhammer TR. Genetics of bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref=95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.1993.tb00020.x","volume":"12","author":"Vandenbergh P.A.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Vandenbergh PA. Lactic acid bacteria, their metabolic products and interference with microbial growth.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref=96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1998.00600.x","volume":"93","author":"Aiba Y.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Aiba Y, Suzuki N, Kabir AMA, Takagi A, Koga Y. Lactic acid-mediated suppression of by the oral administration of as a probiotic in a gnotobiotic murine model.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref=97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1995.tb03164.x","volume":"79","author":"Midolo P.D.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Midolo PD, Lambert JR, Hull R, Luo F, Grayson ML. inhibition of NCTC 11637 by organic acids and lactic acid bacteria.","journal-title":"J Appl Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref=98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.1.518-526.2004","volume":"70","author":"Sgouras D.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sgouras D, Maragkoudakis P, Petraki K, Martinez-Gonzalez B, Eriotou E, Michopoulos S, Kalantzopoulos G, Tsakalidou E, Mentis A. and inhibition of by strain","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref=99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1159\/000007660","volume":"60","author":"Michetti P.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Michetti P, Dorta G, Wiesel PH, Brassart D, Verdu E, Herranz M, Felley C, Porta N, Rouvet M, Blum AL, Corthesy-Theulaz I. Effect of whey-based culture supernatant of La1 on infection in humans.","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"ref=100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3925","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.7.3925","volume":"95","author":"Guruge J.L.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Guruge JL, Falk PG, Lorenz RG. Dans, M.; Wirth, H-P.; Blaser, M.J.; Berg, D.E.; Gordon, J.I. Epithelial attachment alters the outcome of infection.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref=101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2002.tb00541.x","volume":"32","author":"Mukai T.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mukai T, Asasaka T, Sato E, Mori K, Matsumoto M, Ohori H. Inhibition of binding of to the glycolipid receptors by probiotic","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref=102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4642","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.9.4642-4645.2002","volume":"68","author":"Nam H.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nam H, Ha M, Bae O, Lee Y. Effect of strain PL9001 on the adherence and growth of","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref=103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.35.4.483","volume":"35","author":"Bernet M.F.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bernet MF, Brassart D, Neeser JR, Servin AL. LA 1 binds to cultured human intestinal cell lines and inhibits cell attachment and cell invasion by enterovirulent bacteria.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref=104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(00)70360-X","volume":"118","author":"Byrd J.C.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Byrd JC, Yunker CK, Xu Q-S, Sternberg LR, Bresalier RS. Inhibition of gastric mucin synthesis by","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref=105","first-page":"G941","volume":"276","author":"Mack D.R.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mack DR, Michail S, Wei S, McDougall L, Hollingsworth MA. Probiotics inhibit enteropathogenic adherence by inducing intestinal mucin gene expression.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"ref=106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.6.827","volume":"52","author":"Mack D.R.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mack DR, Ahrne S, Hyde L, Wei S, Hollingsworth MA. Extracellular MUC3 mucin secretion follows adherence of strains to intestinal epithelial cells","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref=107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2001.00898.x","volume":"15","author":"Gotteland M.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gotteland M, Cruchet S, Verbeke S. Effect of ingestion on the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier alterations induced by indomethacin in humans.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref=108","first-page":"183","author":"Arakawa T.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Arakawa T, Watanabe T, Kobayashi K. Regulation of acid secretion and peptic ulcer formation by inflammatory cytokines. In: Ernst, P.B.; Michetti, P.; Smith, P.D., editors","journal-title":"The immunology of H pylori: From pathogenesis to prevention Philadelphia: Lippincott- Raven Publishers"},{"key":"ref=109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529409096833","volume":"29","author":"Noach L.A.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Noach LA, Bosma NB, Jansen J, Hoek FJ, van-Deventer SJH, Tytgut GNJ. Mucosal tumor necrosis factor-or, interleukin-1\/3, and interleukin-8 production in patients with infection.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref=110","first-page":"pp. 127- 137","author":"Harris P.R.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Harris PR, Smith PD. The role of the mononuclear phagocyte in H. pylori-associated infection. In:","journal-title":"The immunology of H pylori: From pathogenesis to prevention, Ernst PB, Michetti P, Smith PD, editors Lippincott-Raven Publishers: Philadelphia"},{"key":"ref=111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/S1521-6918(03)00074-X","volume":"17","author":"Gill H.S.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gill HS. Probiotics to enhance anti-infective defences in the gastrointestinal tract.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref=112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.41.1.49","volume":"41","author":"Kabir A.M.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kabir AM, Aiba Y, Takagi A, Kamiya S, Miwa T, Koga Y. Prevention of infection by lactobacilli in a gnotobiotic murine model.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref=113","first-page":"223","volume":"24","author":"Vitini E.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vitini E, Alvarez S, Medina M, Medici M, de Budeguer MV, Perdigon G. Gut mucosal immunostimulation by lactic acid bacteria.","journal-title":"Biocell"},{"key":"ref=114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.47.1.79","volume":"47","author":"Haller D.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Haller D, Bode C, Hammes WP, Pfeifer AMA, Schiffrin EJ, Blum S. Non-pathogenic bacteria elicit a differential cytokine response by intestinal epithelial cell\/leucocyte co-cultures.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref=115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-302084","volume":"61","author":"Malfertheiner P.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, O\u2019Morain CA, Atherton J, Axon ATR, Bazzoli F, Gensini GF, Gisbert JP, Graham DY, Rokkas T, El-Omar EM, Kuipers EJ. Management of infection - the Maastricht IV\/Florence consensus report.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref=116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23522","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23522","volume":"6","author":"Lu C.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lu C, Sang J, He H, Wan X, Lin Y, Li L, Li Y, Yu C. Probiotic supplementation does not improve eradication rate of infection compared to based on standard therapy: A meta-analysis.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref=117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4345","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i14.4345","volume":"21","author":"Zhang M-M.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang M-M, Qian W, Qin Y-Y, He J, Zhou Y-H. Probiotics in eradication therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref=118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4573","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.11.4573-4580.1998","volume":"64","author":"Coconnier M-H.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Coconnier M-H, Lievin V, Hemery E, Servin AL. Antagonistic activity against infection and by the human strain LB.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref=119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1023\/B:DDAS.0000037794.02040.c2","volume":"49","author":"Johnson-Henry K.C.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Johnson-Henry KC, Mitchell DJ, Avitzur Y, Galindo-Mata E, Jones NL, Sherman PM. Probiotics reduce bacterial colonization and gastric inflammation in -infected mice.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref=120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.12.12.1378-1386.2005","volume":"12","author":"Sgouras D.N.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sgouras DN, Panayotopoulou EG, Martinez-Gonzalez B, Petraki K, Michopoulos S, Mentis A. La1 attenuates -associated gastritis and reduces levels of proinflammatory chemokines in C57BL\/6 mice.","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"ref=121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2003.01452.x","volume":"17","author":"Cats A.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cats A, Kuipers EJ, Bosschaert MAR, Pot RGJ, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CMJE, Kusters JG. Effect of frequent consumption of a -containing milk drink in -colonized subjects.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref=122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg227","volume":"51","author":"Gotteland M.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gotteland M, Cruchet S. Suppressive effect of frequent ingestion of La1 on colonization in asymptomatic volunteers.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref=123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-4389.2004.00214.x","volume":"9","author":"Linsalata M.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Linsalata M, Russo F, Berloco P, Caruso ML, Matteo GDI, Cifone MG, Simone CDE, Ierardi E, Di Leo A. The influence of on ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamine profiles in -infected gastric mucosa.","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"ref=124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2003.01675.x","volume":"18","author":"Lesbros-Pantoflickova D.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lesbros-Pantoflickova D, Corthesy-Theulaz I, Dorta G, Stolte M, Isler P, Rochat F, Enslen M, Blum AL. Favourable effect of regular intake of fermented milk containing on associated gastritis.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref=125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/47.5.709","volume":"47","author":"Sakamoto I.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sakamoto I, Igarashi M, Kimura K, Takagi A, Miwa T, Koga Y. Suppressive effect of OLL 2716 (LG21) on infection in humans.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref=126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.02868.x","volume":"23","author":"Gotteland M.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gotteland M, Brunser O, Cruchet S. Systematic review: are probiotics useful in controlling gastric colonization by","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref=127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(03)00109-6","volume":"19","author":"Cruchet S.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cruchet S, Obregon MC, Salazar G, Diaz E, Gotteland M. Effect of the ingestion of a dietary product containing La1 on colonization in children.","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref=128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2005.tb01848.x","volume":"94","author":"Gotteland M.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gotteland M, Poliak L, Cruchet S, Brunser O. Effect of regular ingestion of plus inulin or LB in children colonized by","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"ref=129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s11938-018-0209-8","volume":"16","author":"Malfertheiner P.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Malfertheiner P, Venerito M, Schulz C. infection: New facts in clinical management.","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref=130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2015.2174","volume":"9","author":"Lv Z.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lv Z, Wang B, Zhou X, Wang F, Xie Y, Zheng H, Lv N. Efficacy and safety of probiotics as adjuvant agents for infection: A meta-analysis.","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"ref=131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e111030","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111030","volume":"9","author":"Dang Y.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dang Y, Reinhardt JD, Zhou X, Zhang G. The effect of probiotics supplementation on eradication rates and side effects during eradication therapy: A meta-analysis.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref=132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640615617358","volume":"4","author":"McFarland L.V.","year":"2016","unstructured":"McFarland LV, Huang Y, Wang L, Malfertheiner P. Systematic review and meta-analysis: Multi-strain probiotics as adjunct therapy for eradication and prevention of adverse events.","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterol J"},{"key":"ref=133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13163","volume":"41","author":"Szajewska H.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Szajewska H, Shamir R, Chmielewska A, Pie\u015bcik-Lech M, Auricchio R, Ivarsson A, Kolacek S, Koletzko S, Korponay-Szabo I, Mearin ML, Ribes-Koninckx C, Troncone R. Systematic review with meta-analysis: Early infant feeding and coeliac disease-update 2015.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref=134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12529","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12529","volume":"23","author":"McNicholl A.G.","year":"2018","unstructured":"McNicholl AG, Molina-Infante J, Lucendo AJ, Calleja JL, P\u00e9rez\u2010Aisa A, Modolell I, Aldeguer X, Calafat M, Comino L, Ramas M, Callejo A, Badiola C, Serra J, Gisbert JP. Probiotic supplementation with and for therapy: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"ref=135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-312288","volume":"66","author":"Malfertheiner P.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, O\u2019Morain CA, Gisbert JP, Kuipers EJ, Axon AT, Bazzoli F, Gasbarrini A, Atherton J, Graham DY, Hunt R, Moayyedi P, Rokkas T, Rugge M, Selgrad M, Suerbaum S, Sugano K, El-Omar EM. Management of infection-the Maastricht V\/Florence consensus report.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref=136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.54.1.615","volume":"54","author":"Ernst P.B.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ernst PB, Gold BD. The disease spectrum of : The immunopathogenesis of gastroduodenal ulcer and gastric cancer.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref=137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39010.630799.BE","volume":"333","author":"Hammerman C.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hammerman C, Bin-Nun A, Kaplan M. Safety of probiotics: comparison of two popular strains.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref=138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.6.1256","volume":"83","author":"Boyle R.J.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Boyle RJ, Robins-Browne RM, Tang MLK. Probiotic use in clinical practice: What are the risks?","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref=139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.020","volume":"29","author":"Saarela M.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Saarela M, Maukonen J, von Wright A, Vilpponen-Salmela T, Patterson AJ, Scott KP, H\u00e4mynen H, M\u00e4tt\u00f6 J. Tetracycline susceptibility of the ingested LaCH-5 and subsp. Bb-12 strains during antibiotic\/probiotic intervention.","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"ref=140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-66.1.3","volume":"66","author":"Kim T-S.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kim T-S, Hur J-W, Yu M-A, Cheigh C-I, Kim K-N, Hwang J-K, Pyun Y-R. Antagonism of by bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria.","journal-title":"J Food Prot"},{"key":"ref=141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s002840010175","volume":"42","author":"Lorca G.L.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lorca GL, Wadstrom T, de Valdez GF, Ljungh A. autolysins inhibit","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"key":"ref=142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3156","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.11.3156-3161.2001","volume":"45","author":"Pinchuk I.V.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pinchuk IV, Bressollier P, Verneuil B, Fenet B, Sorokulova IB, Megraud F, Urdaci MC. anti- activity of the probiotic strain 3 is due to secretion of antibiotics.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"}],"container-title":["Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/eurekaselect.com\/article\/download\/170276","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T23:36:10Z","timestamp":1663025770000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/170276\/article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]]},"references-count":142,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]]}},"alternative-id":["LiveAll1"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1389201020666190227203107","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-2010"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-2010","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Peer Reviewed","order":0,"name":"review_status","label":"Review Status","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review Process","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Checked with iThenticate","order":0,"name":"screening_status","label":"Screening Status","group":{"name":"plagiarism_screening","label":"Plagiarism Screening"}},{"value":"2018-10-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-01-30","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-02-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-04-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}