{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T11:47:59Z","timestamp":1790423279704,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["eurekaselect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CPB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The increasing antimicrobial resistance poses a challenge to surveillance systems\nand raises concerns about the impact of multidrug-resistant organisms on patient safety.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study aimed to estimate extra hospital stay and economic burden of infections due to alert\norganisms - mostly multidrug-resistant - in a teaching hospital.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The present retrospective matched cohort study was conducted based on the analysis of hospital\nadmissions at Sant\u2019Andrea Teaching Hospital in Rome from April to December 2015. Extra hospital\nstay was the difference in the length of stay between each case and control. All the patients developing\nan infection due to an alert organism were considered cases, all others were eligible as controls. The\ncosts of LOS were evaluated by multiplying the extra stay with the hospital daily cost.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Overall, 122 patients developed an infection due to alert organisms and were all matched with\ncontrols. The attributable extra stay was of 2,291 days (mean 18.8; median 19.0) with a significantly increased\nhospitalization in intensive care units (21.2 days), bloodstream infections (52.5 days), and infections\ndue to Gram-negative bacteria (mean 29.2 days; median 32.6 days). Applying the single day hospital\ncost, the overall additional expenditure was 11,549 euro per patient. The average additional cost of\nantibiotic drugs for the treatment of infections was about 1,200 euro per patient.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The present study presents an accurate mapping of the clinical and economic impact of infections\nattributable to alert organisms demonstrating that infections due to multidrug-resistant organisms\nare associated with higher mortality, longer hospital stays, and increased costs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Article Highlights Box:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The increasing antimicrobial resistance poses a challenge for surveillance\nsystems and raises concerns about the impact of multidrug-resistant organisms on patient safety.\n\u2022 Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) have historically been recognized as a significant public health\nproblem requiring close surveillance.\n\u2022 Despite several and reliable findings have been achieved on clinical issues, our knowledge on the economic\nimpact of healthcare-associated infections due to multidrug-resistant organisms needs to be widened.\n\u2022 Estimating the cost of infections due to multidrug-resistant organisms in terms of extra hospital stay\nand economic burden is complex, and the financial impact varies across different health systems.\n\u2022 Evaluations of social and economic implications of hospital infections play an increasingly important\nrole in the implementation of surveillance systems.\n\u2022 The costs of infection prevention and control programs and dedicated personnel are relatively low and\nself-sustainable when efficient.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1389201020666190408095811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]],"date-time":"2019-04-09T10:30:04Z","timestamp":1554805804000},"page":"643-652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Healthcare-Associated Infections Due to Multidrug-Resistant Organisms: a Surveillance Study on Extra Hospital Stay and Direct Costs"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Guglielmo","family":"Giraldi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marzietta","family":"Montesano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Napoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Frati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaele","family":"La Russa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Santurro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Scopetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni B.","family":"Orsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1086\/518518","volume":"28","author":"Anderson D.J.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Anderson D.J.; Kirkland K.B.; Kaye K.S.; Thacker P.A.; Kanafani Z.A.; Auten G.; Sexton D.J.; Underresourced hospital infection control and prevention programs: Penny wise, pound foolish? 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