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However,\nthe regulatory mechanism of rhTNFR:Fc in the chemokine pathway is unclear. Thus we study the\nmechanism of phlogogenic activity of CXCL16\/CXCR6 in AS and the related mechanism of rhTNFR:\nFc treatment.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Thirty-two cases of active AS were treated with rhTNFR:Fc for 3 consecutive months. Clinical\nresponse was evaluated at baseline and after treatment. CXCL16\/CXCR6 expression as well as\nReceptor Activator Of Nuclear Factor-\u039ab Ligand (RANKL)\/Osteoprotegerin (OPG), essential molecules\nfor osteoclast differentiation, were studied in AS before and after treatment. Further, the proliferation\nof lymphocytes and the RANKL level stimulated by recombinant human CXCL16 (rhCXCL16)\nwere measured in vitro.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Thirty cases responded to rhTNFR:Fc treatment. The RANKL level, RANKL\/OPG ratio,\nCXCLl6 level in serum, and CXCLl6 and CXCR6 mRNA levels in active AS were higher than those\nin controls and treated patients (P&lt;0.001). rhCXCL16 treatment increased lymphocyte proliferation\nand RANKL level in active AS (P&lt;0.001), but not in controls or treated patients (P&gt;0.05). A positive\nlinear correlation was noted between CXCL16 serum levels and RANKL\/OPG ratio and between\nCXCL16 levels and C-reactive protein results (P&lt;0.001).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our findings suggest that rhTNFR:Fc suppresses inflammation and bone destruction of\nAS by reducing the RANKL\/OPG ratio through inhibition of the CXCL16\/CXCR6 pathway.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1389201021666200302104418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]],"date-time":"2020-03-02T12:54:25Z","timestamp":1583153665000},"page":"305-316","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["TNF Receptor: Fc Fusion Protein Downregulates RANKL\/OPG Ratio by Inhibiting CXCL16\/CXCR6 in Active Ankylosing Spondylitis"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0207-1112","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peiyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250013,China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1806-5075","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shufen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Southern Medical University Affiliated Shenzhen Baoan Hospital, Shenzhen 518101,China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7710-5017","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhe","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Southern Medical University Affiliated Shenzhen Baoan Hospital, Shenzhen 518101,China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1823-9741","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ye","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Southern Medical University Affiliated Shenzhen Baoan Hospital, Shenzhen 518101,China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5927-604X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qianqian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Southern Medical University Affiliated Shenzhen Baoan Hospital, Shenzhen 518101,China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4837-7515","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Southern Medical University Affiliated Shenzhen Baoan Hospital, Shenzhen 518101,China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1181-9658","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tiantian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Southern Medical University Affiliated Shenzhen Baoan Hospital, Shenzhen 518101,China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5319-3510","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Southern Medical University Affiliated Shenzhen Baoan Hospital, Shenzhen 518101,China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3563-9974","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Meiying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000,China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0661-1481","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chengshan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Southern Medical University Affiliated Shenzhen Baoan Hospital, Shenzhen 518101,China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.7748\/ns.20.46.48.s56","volume":"20","author":"Walker J.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Walker J.; Ankylosing spondylitis. 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