{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T06:01:16Z","timestamp":1769752876705,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["eurekaselect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CPB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia (high blood glucose\nlevels) which is due to the destruction of insulin-producing \u03b2-cells in the islets of Langerhans in\nthe pancreas. It is associated with oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress. The plant alkaloid Palmatine\nhas been previously reported to possess antidiabetic and antioxidant properties as well as other\nprotective properties against kidney and liver tissue damage.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p> Here, we investigated the ability of Palmatine to reduce the up-regulation of chaperone proteins\nGlucose Regulatory Protein 78 (GRP78), and Calreticulin (CALR) protein in a Streptozotocin\n(STZ)-induced diabetic rat model.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in Sprague Dawley rats treated with 2mg\/kg of Palmatine\nfor 12 weeks after the elevation of plasma glucose levels above 11mmol\/L post-STZ administration.\nProteins were extracted from the pancreas after treatment and Two-Dimensional gel electrophoresis\n(2-DE), PDQuest 2-D analysis software genomic solutions and mass spectrometer were used\nto analyze differentially expressed protein. Mass Spectrometry (MS\/MS), Multidimensional Protein\nIdentification Technology (MudPIT) was used for protein identification.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>There was an up-regulation of the expression of chaperone proteins CALR and GRP78 and\ndown-regulation of the expression of antioxidant and protection proteins peroxidoxin 4 (Prdx4), protein\ndisulfide isomerase (PDIA2\/3), Glutathione-S-Transferase (GSTs), and Serum Albumin (ALB) in\nnon-diabetic rats. Palmatine treatment down-regulated the expression of chaperone proteins CALR and\nGRP78 and up-regulated the expression of Prdx4, PDIA2\/3, GST, and ALB.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Palmatine may have activated antioxidant proteins, which protected the cells against reactive\noxygen species and endoplasmic stress. The result is in consonance with our previous report on\nPalmatine.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1389201021666200730124208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,3]],"date-time":"2020-08-03T17:31:53Z","timestamp":1596475913000},"page":"288-298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Palmatine Inhibits Up-Regulation of GRP78 and CALR Protein in an STZ-Induced Diabetic Rat Model"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3855-2666","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Patrick N.","family":"Okechukwu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Science UCSI University No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, (Taman Connaught) Cheras 56000 Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophia O.","family":"Ekeuku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Science UCSI University No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, (Taman Connaught) Cheras 56000 Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2789-3473","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hor K.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Science UCSI University No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, (Taman Connaught) Cheras 56000 Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9821-3703","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kalpana","family":"Eluri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University Kuala Lumpur Campus, No. 1, Jalan Meara Gading, UCSI Heights, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5931-1968","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gabriele R.A.","family":"Froemming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Jalan Datuk Mohammad Musa, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak,Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.22159\/ijpps.2018v10i4.24100","volume":"10","author":"Deepa J.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Deepa J.; Aleykutty N.A.; Jyoti H.; Effect of combination of two plant extracts on diabetes mellitus. 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