{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T21:10:59Z","timestamp":1780089059629,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["eurekaselect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CPB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Abstract:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Bovine trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma vivax is a relevant disease in domestic\nungulates in Latin America, causing different types of livestock losses, particularly in African and\nSouth American countries, leading to loss of millions of dollars\/year related to dairy and meat production.\nIn addition, T. vivax trypanosomiasis requires intensive veterinary care. While vector control\nis a feasible measure to manage disease spreading, the search for accurate diagnostic tools still represents\na gap in routine veterinary practices and a challenge for the scientific community. The parasite\nis mechanically transmitted by fomites or by the saliva of haematophagous flies, such as Stomoxys\nsp. and Tabanus sp., infecting cattle as well as a number of animal hosts. The main symptoms of T.\nvivax bovine trypanosomiasis are apathy, fever, restricted growth, miscarriage, progressive weakness,\nneurological signs, pale mucous, loss of appetite, lethargy, and substantial weight loss. In most\ncases, the presence of animals with subclinical infections, nonspecific symptoms and without apparent\nparasitaemia presents a challenge when making a diagnosis, which requires accurate methods.\nHerein, we review state of the art concerning current methods available for the diagnosis of T. vivax\nbovine trypanosomiasis, focusing on clinical, parasitological, immunological and molecular approaches,\nhighlighting the main features of each method, including \u201cpros and cons\u201d. Overall,\ncombining several diagnostic techniques is a better choice since it leads to fewer false negative results\nand contributes to better disease control.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1389201024666221108101446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T06:08:31Z","timestamp":1668146911000},"page":"355-365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Methods Applied to the Diagnosis of Cattle Trypanosoma vivax Infection:\nAn Overview of the Current State of the Art"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Andr\u00e9 Vinicius Fernandes","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biotecnologia de microrganismos, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Del-Rei (UFSJ), Rua Sebasti\u00e3o\nGon\u00e7alves Coelho, 400 \u2013 Chanadour, Divin\u00f3polis \/ MG - CEP: 35501-296, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme Caetano","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade\nde Uberaba (UNIUBE), Mestrado em Sanidade e Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Animal nos Tr\u00f3picos - Avenida Nen\u00ea Sabino 1801, 38055-\n500, Uberaba-MG, Brazil"},{"name":"Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou - Funda\u00e7\u00e3o\nOswaldo Cruz. Avenida Augusto de Lima no. 1715, Barro Preto, 30190-009, Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda Fortes","family":"de Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou - Funda\u00e7\u00e3o\nOswaldo Cruz. Avenida Augusto de Lima no. 1715, Barro Preto, 30190-009, Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"La\u00eds Moreira","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biotecnologia de microrganismos, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Del-Rei (UFSJ), Rua Sebasti\u00e3o\nGon\u00e7alves Coelho, 400 \u2013 Chanadour, Divin\u00f3polis \/ MG - CEP: 35501-296, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joely Ferreira Figueiredo","family":"Bittar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade\nde Uberaba (UNIUBE), Mestrado em Sanidade e Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Animal nos Tr\u00f3picos - Avenida Nen\u00ea Sabino 1801, 38055-\n500, Uberaba-MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eust\u00e1quio Resende","family":"Bittar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade\nde Uberaba (UNIUBE), Mestrado em Sanidade e Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Animal nos Tr\u00f3picos - Avenida Nen\u00ea Sabino 1801, 38055-\n500, Uberaba-MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izabela Andrade","family":"Pandolfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade\nde Uberaba (UNIUBE), Mestrado em Sanidade e Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Animal nos Tr\u00f3picos - Avenida Nen\u00ea Sabino 1801, 38055-\n500, Uberaba-MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olindo Assis","family":"Martins-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou - Funda\u00e7\u00e3o\nOswaldo Cruz. Avenida Augusto de Lima no. 1715, Barro Preto, 30190-009, Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexsandro Sobreira","family":"Galdino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biotecnologia de microrganismos, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Del-Rei (UFSJ), Rua Sebasti\u00e3o\nGon\u00e7alves Coelho, 400 \u2013 Chanadour, Divin\u00f3polis \/ MG - CEP: 35501-296, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcio Sobreira","family":"Silva Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou - Funda\u00e7\u00e3o\nOswaldo Cruz. 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