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Until recently, the only antiviral drugs in use have been the neuraminidase\ninhibitors: oseltamivir, zanamivir, and peramivir.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We reviewed novel drug targets that can be used in the treatment of influenza, particularly\nin the case of neuraminidase inhibitor-resistant strains that may emerge.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>More recently, a drug with a new mechanism of action has been approved. Baloxavir marboxil\ninhibits the influenza cap-dependent endonuclease that is needed for the virus to initiate replication\nwithin the host cell. This endonuclease target is within the polymerase acid (PA) subunit of RNA\npolymerase. Since the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase consists of two other subunits, polymerase\nbasic 1 and 2, RNA polymerase has several targets that prevent viral replication. Other targets still under\ninvestigation include viral kinases, endocytosis, and viral fusion.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Due to the possibility of viral mutations and resistance, it is important to have antivirals\nwith different mechanisms available, especially in the case of a new pandemic strain. Several novel\nantivirals are within various stages of development and may represent new classes of treatments that\ncan reduce symptoms and complications in those patients who may be at higher risk.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450120666190801115130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T10:45:37Z","timestamp":1564656337000},"page":"202-211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Potential Role of Endonuclease Inhibition and Other Targets in the Treatment of Influenza"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2504-3301","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Doreen","family":"Szollosi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Saint Joseph, School of Pharmacy & Physician Assistant Studies 229 Trumbull Street, Hartford, CT 06103, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Bill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Saint Joseph, School of Pharmacy & Physician Assistant Studies 229 Trumbull Street, Hartford, CT 06103, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30148-5","volume":"393","author":"Barnett R.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Barnett R.; Influenza Lancet 2019,393(10170),396","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref=2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02116-09","volume":"48","author":"Biere B.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Biere B.; Bauer B.; Schweiger B.; Differentiation of influenza B virus lineages Yamagata and Victoria by real-time PCR. 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