{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T16:12:27Z","timestamp":1793722347840,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["eurekaselect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CDT"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Constipation is one of the most frequent abnormalities of the gastrointesti-nal system that affects the patient\u2019s quality of life. Constipation is more common in women and af-fects them more frequently as they get older. Many constipated patients take over-the-counter drugs for treatment, but some do not respond to these medicines and need newer, more expensive drugs. Still, many patients are not completely satisfied with these medicines. Unlike other areas, constipa-tion research is not given much importance.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This review discusses targets such as ClC-2, CFTR, opioid receptors, and 5HT-4 recep-tors, which are important in constipation therapy. The recent focus is also on the gut microbiome with the help of various randomized controlled trials. Pharmacological advances have also added novel targets such as IBAT, PAR-2, and intestinal NHE-3 for constipation treatment.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This review summarises the research on these targets collected from various databases. ClC-2 and CFTR are involved in intestinal chloride secretion followed by sodium or water, which increases stool passage. Non-cancer pain treatment with opioids targeting opiate receptors is con-sidered in 40-90% of patients, which causes constipation as a side effect. On activation, 5HT-4 re-ceptors increase gastrointestinal motility. IBAT is responsible for transporting bile acid into the liv-er. Bile acid will reach the colon by inhibiting IBAT, stimulating colonic motility, and providing a laxative effect. Activation of the ghrelin receptor results in prokinetic activity in both animals and humans. Intestinal NHE-3 mediates the absorption of Na+ and the secretion of hydrogen into the in-testine. Many reports show that PAR-2 is involved in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases. The gut microbiota influences the peristaltic action of the intestine.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Drugs working on these targets positively impact the treatment of constipation, as do the drugs that are currently in clinical trials acting on these targets. The results from the ongoing clinical trials will also provide some valuable information regarding whether these medications will meet the patients\u2019 needs in the future.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450124666221209123541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T05:54:37Z","timestamp":1670824477000},"page":"247-260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Potential Targets in Constipation Research: A Review"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ravichandiran","family":"Velayutham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Hajipur, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, NH322, Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India"},{"name":"National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Kolkata, Chunilal Bhawan, 168 Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somasundaram","family":"Arumugam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Hajipur, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, NH322, Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India"},{"name":"National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Kolkata, Chunilal Bhawan, 168 Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priya","family":"Bisht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Hajipur,\nExport Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, NH322, Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neha","family":"Dagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Hajipur,\nExport Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, NH322, Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Hajipur,\nExport Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, NH322, Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2020.1708718","volume":"14","author":"Aziz I.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aziz I.; Whitehead W.E.; Palsson O.S.; T&#xF6;rnblom H.; Simr&#xE9;n M.; An approach to the diagnosis and management of Rome IV functional disorders of chronic constipation. 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