{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T04:42:51Z","timestamp":1780375371509,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"14","content-domain":{"domain":["eurekaselect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["MRMC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title\/>\n<jats:p>Haloperidol (HP) is used for the symptomatic treatment of psychosis, manic phases, hyperactivity, aggressiveness,\nand acute delirium. Long-term use leads to various adverse side effects, especially to severe impairment of extrapyramidal\nnerve tracts and in particular, altered QT interval and increased incidence of arrhytmias. It is believed that cytotoxicity of\nHP and its metabolites is responsible for both neurotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. Extrapyramidal and cardiac adverse side\neffects may be explained by the HP-induced oxidative stress, as implicated by many studies. HP was reported to induce\nlipid peroxidation with subsequent membrane changes, responsible for cell death. Vice versa, cells resistant to oxidative\nstress are also resistant to the toxic effects of HP. Similarly, high percentage of patients suffering from extrapyramidal\nsymptoms treated by vitamin E and other lipid-soluble antioxidants demonstrates diminishing of these adverse side\neffects. HP\u2019s ability to induce oxidative stress by multi-modal action (increased metabolism of dopamine, decrease of\nglutathione content, induction of NF-\u03ba.B transcription factor, and inhibition of complex I of respiratory chain) has been\nestablished just recently. This review brings summarizing view on the cytotoxicity of haloperidol and involvement of\nreactive oxygen species and oxidative stress HP-induced cytotoxicity.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/13895575113136660100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,10]],"date-time":"2013-12-10T15:09:57Z","timestamp":1386688197000},"page":"1993-1998","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Haloperidol Cytotoxicity and Its Relation to Oxidative Stress"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Martina","family":"Raudenska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaromir","family":"Gumulec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petr","family":"Babula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tibor","family":"Stracina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marketa","family":"Sztalmachova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hana","family":"Polanska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vojtech","family":"Adam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rene","family":"Kizek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Novakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Masarik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic., Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"965","container-title":["Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/eurekaselect.com\/article\/download\/116911","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/116911\/article","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/eurekaselect.com\/article\/download\/116911","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T07:36:50Z","timestamp":1632901010000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/116911\/article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,10]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,10]]}},"alternative-id":["LiveAll1"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/13895575113136660100","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-5575"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-5575","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Peer Reviewed","order":0,"name":"review_status","label":"Review Status","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review Process","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Checked with iThenticate","order":0,"name":"screening_status","label":"Screening Status","group":{"name":"plagiarism_screening","label":"Plagiarism Screening"}},{"value":"2013-03-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-10-10","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-10-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-12-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}